{"id":5892,"date":"2021-04-24T17:52:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-24T16:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=5892"},"modified":"2021-04-25T14:39:03","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T13:39:03","slug":"bread","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/04\/24\/bread\/","title":{"rendered":"Bread"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>bread<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jgraham\/5251242921\/in\/photolist-912Zz4-hGNFJd-bCQ6c4-ax1wPS-66s13T-bFdRJn-rnXeGm-aCtTEv-nXHxd5-73zFdX-pdQZyy-b4zvtV-fTbZ5r-ax8S8r-pvixNj-68YcRS-68U1jx-68Yc9Y-68TYQ4-68YbSW-68TZzT-D32c6-D32c9-2Awb5-Rd29Qr-2iTy9EM-H8LC7Q-8VG9Xk-9nR8aC-9nR8JY-9nR8Wd-9nR8Rm-9nR8Nd-9nN61x-9nN5WK-9nR8TL-9nR8s1-9nN6hV-9nN68V-9nN6ne-9nR8kY-9nR8wy-7Lf9gt-9pJ3YD-9ztXLF-bv4GZk-aMRCJ4-aMRCNX-68dBsi-bv4GxF\" title=\"Soda Bread\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/5244\/5251242921_ae87d97386_z.jpg\" alt=\"Soda Bread\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ar(-akno)-<\/strong> = bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ar\u00e1n<\/strong> [\u02c8ara\u02d0n] = bread, loaf of bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ar\u00e1n<\/strong> [\u02c8ara\u02d0n] = bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ar\u00e1n<\/strong> [\u0259\u02c8\u027e\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u02c8a\u027e\u02e0an\u02e0] = bread<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00e1n baile<\/strong> = home-baked bread<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00e1n b\u00e1n<\/strong> = white bread, baker\u2019s bread<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00e1n coirce<\/strong> = oatbread, oatcake<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00e1n donn, ar\u00e1n rua<\/strong> = brown bread<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00e1n pr\u00e1ta\u00ed<\/strong> = potato cake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aran<\/strong> [a\u027ean] = bread, loaf; livelihood, sustenance<br \/>\n<strong>aran-coirce<\/strong>aran-donn, aran ruadharan-e\u00f2rnaaran milisaran-seagail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arran<\/strong> = bread<br \/>\n<strong>arran Albinagh<\/strong> = shortbread<br \/>\n<strong>arran bainney<\/strong> = bread roll<br \/>\n<strong>arran bane<\/strong> = white bread<br \/>\n<strong>arran dhone, arran ruy<\/strong> = brown bread<br \/>\n<strong>arran greddan(it)<\/strong> = toast<br \/>\n<strong>arran shoggyl<\/strong> = rye bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic <em>*arank\u0101-<\/em> (grain)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ar%C3%A1n#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bargo \/ *baragen\u0101 \/ *bargin\u0101<\/strong> = cake, bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barigen<\/strong> [\u02c8\u02c8bar\u02b2.\u0263\u02b2\u0259n] = bread, loaf of bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bair\u00edn<\/strong> = loaf<br \/>\n<strong>bair\u00edn breac<\/strong> = barmbreac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bairghin<\/strong> = bread, cake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>berreen<\/strong> = cake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bara<\/strong> [\u02c8bara \/ \u02c8ba\u02d0ra] = bread, loaf, slice; food, meal, sustenance, livelihood<br \/>\n<strong>bara barlys<\/strong> = barley bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara beunyddiol<\/strong> = daily bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara brith<\/strong> = currant bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara byr<\/strong> = buscuit<br \/>\n<strong>bara ceirch<\/strong> = oat bread, oatcake<br \/>\n<strong>bara coch<\/strong> = brown bread, barley bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara drwg<\/strong> = bad bread, bad state, difficulties<br \/>\n<strong>bara gwyn<\/strong> = white bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara lawr<\/strong> = laverbread (made with edible seaweed)<br \/>\n<strong>bara poeth<\/strong> = gingerbread, hot bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>bara<\/strong> = bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bara<\/strong> = bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara byghan\/bian<\/strong> = roll<br \/>\n<strong>bara gwaneth<\/strong> = wheaten bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara leun<\/strong> = wholemeal bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara sugal<\/strong> = rye bread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bara<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0.ra] = bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara bis<\/strong> = brown bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara brazed<\/strong> = wholemeal bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara brizh<\/strong> = currant bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara gwenn<\/strong> = white bread<br \/>\n<strong>bara kras<\/strong> = toast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from the Proto-Indo-European <strong>*b\u02b0ars-<\/strong> (spike, prickle). Words from the same root include the English <strong>barley<\/strong>, the Scots <strong>bere\/beir<\/strong> (barley), the Swedish <strong>barr<\/strong> (pine\/fir needle), the Icelandic <strong>barr<\/strong> (pine needle), the Old Norse <strong>barr<\/strong> (corn, grain, barley), and the Latin <strong>far<\/strong> (spelt, coarse meal, grits), and words for flour in Romance languages, such as <strong>farine<\/strong> in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bara#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>You can find the origins of the English words <strong>bread<\/strong> and <strong>loaf<\/strong> on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/radio\/?p=1140\">Radio Omniglot<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for bread and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *ar(-akno)- = bread Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ar\u00e1n [\u02c8ara\u02d0n] = bread, loaf of bread Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) ar\u00e1n [\u02c8ara\u02d0n] = bread Irish (Gaeilge) ar\u00e1n [\u0259\u02c8\u027e\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u02c8a\u027e\u02e0an\u02e0] = bread ar\u00e1n baile = home-baked bread ar\u00e1n b\u00e1n = white bread, baker\u2019s bread ar\u00e1n coirce = oatbread, oatcake [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,96,44,65,21,3,22,37,27,10,70,12,13,97,23,64,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-food","category-french","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-irish","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-scots","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5892"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5898,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5892\/revisions\/5898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}