{"id":5780,"date":"2021-02-25T15:37:08","date_gmt":"2021-02-25T15:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=5780"},"modified":"2023-10-31T15:29:35","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T15:29:35","slug":"frosty-ice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/02\/25\/frosty-ice\/","title":{"rendered":"Frosty Ice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>frost<\/strong>, <strong>ice<\/strong>, <strong>cold<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/39419538814\/in\/photolist-Q1qjJZ-2cnViGK-2b12BMA-2dLzCWr-2cnDPbr-G1gi1G-234nrwW-246kVF3-22btTDj-F8ssm9-DBmeGF-23dwo8s-22jeZvr-PwGsX4\/\" title=\"A cold and frosty morning \/ Bore oer a rhewllyd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4704\/39419538814_a2d25cfa0a_z.jpg\" alt=\"A cold and frosty morning \/ Bore oer a rhewllyd\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278reswos<\/strong> = frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00e9\u00fad<\/strong> [r\u0348\u02b2e\u02d0u\u032f\u00f0] = frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>re\u00f3d<\/strong> = frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reo<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0o\u02d0 \/ \u027e\u02e0\u0254\u02d0] = frost<br \/>\n<strong>reod\u00f3g<\/strong> = icicle<br \/>\n<strong>reoigh<\/strong> = to freeze, congeal, solidify<br \/>\n<strong>reoiteach<\/strong> = frosty, chilling<br \/>\n<strong>reoiteacht<\/strong> = frostiness<br \/>\n<strong>reoiteog, uachtar reoite<\/strong> = ice cream<br \/>\n<strong>reomhar<\/strong> = frigid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>re\u00f2th<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u02d0] = frost, freeze, become frozen, congeal<br \/>\n<strong>re\u00f2ite<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u02d0d\u02b2\u0259] = frozen, frosty, icy<br \/>\n<strong>re\u00f2thtach<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u02d0hd\u0259x] = freezing, frosty<br \/>\n<strong>re\u00f2thadh<\/strong> = freeze<br \/>\n<strong>re\u00f2thadair<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0\u0254.\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = deep-freeze, freezer<br \/>\n<strong>stob re\u00f2ta, caisean-re\u00f2ta, boidean-re\u00f2thaidh<\/strong> = icicle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rio<\/strong> = frost, freezing, ice<br \/>\n<strong>riojey<\/strong> = to freeze, ice up<br \/>\n<strong>rioeeagh<\/strong> = freezing, frosty<br \/>\n<strong>rioeeaght<\/strong> = frostiness<br \/>\n<strong>rioghar, bwoid rioee, kibbin rioee<\/strong> = icicle<br \/>\n<strong>riojag, key riojey, key riojit<\/strong> = ice-cream<br \/>\n<strong>rio-stroo, awin rioee<\/strong> = glacier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rew, reo, rev<\/strong> = frost<br \/>\n<strong>rewlyt, rewlyd, rewllid<\/strong> = icy, freezing, frozen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhew<\/strong> [r\u0325e\u02d0u\u032f \/ r\u0325\u025bu\u032f] = (hoar-) frost, ice<br \/>\n<strong>rhewaidd<\/strong> = freezing, frosty, icy<br \/>\n<strong>rhewedig<\/strong> = frozen, icy, extremely cold<br \/>\n<strong>rhewi<\/strong> = to freeze, preserve; anaesthetize, make numb<br \/>\n<strong>rhewiadur<\/strong> = refrigerator<br \/>\n<strong>rhewin<\/strong> = frosty weather<br \/>\n<strong>rhewllyd, rhewlyd<\/strong> = icy, freezing, frozen, very cold, frigid<br \/>\n<strong>rhew bargod<\/strong> = icicle<br \/>\n<strong>rhew du<\/strong> = black ice<br \/>\n<strong>gw\u0177n rhew<\/strong> = frost-bite<br \/>\n<strong>rhedlif rhew<\/strong> = glacier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>reu<\/strong> = ice, frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rew, reu<\/strong> = frost, ice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rew<\/strong> = ice, frost<br \/>\n<strong>rewer<\/strong> = freezer<br \/>\n<strong>rewi<\/strong> = to freeze<br \/>\n<strong>rewys<\/strong> = frozen<br \/>\n<strong>downrewi<\/strong> = deep-freeze, freezer<br \/>\n<strong>dehen rew<\/strong> = ice cream<br \/>\n<strong>furvell rew<\/strong> = ice tray<br \/>\n<strong>kub rew<\/strong> = ice cube<br \/>\n<strong>skes rew<\/strong> = ice skate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reau, reo, r\u00e9au, r\u00ebu<\/strong> = frost, frozen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rev<\/strong> = frost, freezing, freeze<br \/>\n<strong>rev du<\/strong> = black ice<br \/>\n<strong>rev noz<\/strong> = night frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*prews-<\/em> (to freeze, frost), which is also the root of the word <strong>frost<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/prews-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/32767895445\/in\/photolist-21Dr3DX-FT93hv-CHJ9S9-ZLZghS-YK1ZQN-CHGXky-CHGXC7-CHJ4AC-ZPpNmK-ZPFMQn-CHJ25A-ZLY6u7-FT8UZp-SDdcFx-TFwudc-SAuF8U-SAuCzs-RVA2Gz-RoZGUn-RoZGz4-7thNyv\" title=\"Ice cave on Franz Josef Glacier\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/774\/32767895445_381f36992f_z.jpg\" alt=\"Ice cave on Franz Josef Glacier\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*yegis<\/strong> = ice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aigred<\/strong> = ice<br \/>\n<strong>aigretta<\/strong> = icy, frozen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aig<\/strong> = ice<br \/>\n<strong>aigide<\/strong> = icy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oighear<\/strong> [\u0259i\u027e\u02b2] = ice<br \/>\n<strong>oighear dubh<\/strong> = black ice<br \/>\n<strong>oighreach<\/strong> = glacial<br \/>\n<strong>leac oighir<\/strong> = (sheet of) ice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eigh<\/strong> [ej] = ice<br \/>\n<strong>eigh-bheinn<\/strong> = iceberg<br \/>\n<strong>eigh-shruth<\/strong> = glacier<br \/>\n<strong>leac-eighe<\/strong> = ice-floe<br \/>\n<strong>linn-eighe<\/strong> = ice age<br \/>\n<strong>pac-eigh<\/strong> = pack ice<br \/>\n<strong>taigh-eighe<\/strong> = ice house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ja\u0263<\/strong> = ice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ia, ya<\/strong> = ice, frost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>i\u00e2<\/strong> [ja\u02d0] = ice, (hoar-) frost<br \/>\n<strong>iaaidd<\/strong> = glacical, icy<br \/>\n<strong>ia\u00ebnnol<\/strong> = glacical, icy<br \/>\n<strong>iaeth, iaaeth<\/strong> = iciness, frost, cold, severe winter weather<br \/>\n<strong>ialyd<\/strong> = icy, freezing, very cold<br \/>\n<strong>iaog<\/strong> = icy, freezing, frozen<br \/>\n<strong>iain<\/strong> = very cold, freezing, icy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>iein<\/strong> = ice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>iein, i\u00ean, yein, yeyn, y\u00ean<\/strong> = cold (as ice), frigid<br \/>\n<strong>ieinder, iender, yender, yeinder<\/strong> = frigidity, coolness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yey<\/strong> = ice<br \/>\n<strong>yeyn<\/strong> = cold<br \/>\n<strong>yeynder<\/strong> = cold<br \/>\n<strong>yeynell, yeyner<\/strong> = fridge<br \/>\n<strong>yeynhe<\/strong> = to chill, become cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yen<\/strong> = cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yen<\/strong> = cold<br \/>\n<strong>yenaat<\/strong> = to cool down, relax<br \/>\n<strong>yenadur<\/strong> = coolness, cooling, chill<br \/>\n<strong>yena\u00f1<\/strong> = to cool, refrigerate, detach<br \/>\n<strong>yender<\/strong> = cold, coolness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081yeg-<\/em> (ice, frost), which is also the root of the English word <strong>icicle<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/yegis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ougros<\/strong> = cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Ogronnios<\/strong> = <em>personal name<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faar<\/strong> [u\u02d0a\u032fr\u02b2] = cold<br \/>\n<strong>\u00faacht<\/strong> = cold, coldness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faar<\/strong> = cold, cool. refreshing, unfriendly<br \/>\n<strong>ind(\u1e1f)\u00faar<\/strong> = very cold, chilly, cool, refreshing, pleasing, entertaining<br \/>\n<strong>\u00faacht, \u00f3cht, ocht<\/strong> = cold, coldness, numbness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fuar<\/strong> [f\u02e0u\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = cold, apathetic, raw, uncooked<br \/>\n<strong>fuaraigh<\/strong> = to cool, make cold, chill, relieve, pass (away)<br \/>\n<strong>fuar\u00e1il<\/strong> = coolness, indifference, reserve<br \/>\n<strong>fuara\u00edocht<\/strong> = coldness, chilliness<br \/>\n<strong>fuar\u00e1lach<\/strong> = cold, indifferent, reserved<br \/>\n<strong>fuacht<\/strong> = cold, chill, apathy<br \/>\n<strong>fuacht\u00e1n<\/strong> = chilblain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fuar<\/strong> [fu\u0259r] = cold<br \/>\n<strong>fuarachd<\/strong> [fu\u0259r\u0259xg] = coldness, chilliness, chilblain, mildew, dampness<br \/>\n<strong>fuarachdainn<\/strong> [fu\u0259r\u0259xg\u026an\u032a\u02b2] = cooling, easing, relieving<br \/>\n<strong>fuaradair<\/strong> [fu\u0259r\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = fridge, refrigerator<br \/>\n<strong>fuaraichte<\/strong> [fu\u0259r\u026a\u00e7d\u02b2\u0259] = cooled, refrigerated, eased, relieved<br \/>\n<strong>fuarail<\/strong> [fu\u0259ral] = chilly, chilling<br \/>\n<strong>fuaralachd<\/strong> [fu\u0259r\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259xg] = coldness, frigidity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>feayr<\/strong> = chill, cold, cool, frigid, frosty, ice, distant (<em>of person<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>feayght<\/strong> = chill, cold, exposure<br \/>\n<strong>feayraghey<\/strong> = chill, cool, refrigerate, alienation<br \/>\n<strong>feayraght<\/strong> = chill, cold, coldness<br \/>\n<strong>feayrit<\/strong> = chilled, cooled, refrigerated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oir, oer<\/strong> = cold, cool<br \/>\n<strong>oerai, oeri<\/strong> = to make\/become\/grow cold or cool<br \/>\n<strong>oyrder<\/strong> = cold(ness), cool(ness), chill, indifference, apathy<br \/>\n<strong>oered<\/strong> = coldness, chill<br \/>\n<strong>oervel, oeruel<\/strong> = cold(ness), chill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oer<\/strong> [ja\u02d0] = cold, cool, sad, dejected, miserable, coldness, child, cold vegetables, fruit and salad<br \/>\n<strong>oeraf, oeri<\/strong> = to make\/become\/grow cold or cool, lose zeal, become depressed<br \/>\n<strong>oeraidd<\/strong> = rater cold, coolish, coldish, chilly, unenthusiastic, apathetic, indifferent<br \/>\n<strong>oerder<\/strong> = cold(ness), cool(ness), chill, indifference, apathy<br \/>\n<strong>oeredd<\/strong> = coldness, chill<br \/>\n<strong>oerfa<\/strong> = cool place, shade<br \/>\n<strong>oerfel<\/strong> = cold(ness), chill<br \/>\n<strong>oergell<\/strong> = refrigerator, freezer, cold cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oir<\/strong> = cold, frigid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oor<\/strong> = bitterly cold, glacial, icy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2083ew\u01f5-<\/em> (cold), which is also the root of the Lithuanian word <strong>au\u0161ti<\/strong> (cold) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ougros\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Another word for ice in Breton is <strong>skorn<\/strong> &#8211; etymology unknown.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for frost, ice, cold and related words in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *\u0278reswos = frost Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) r\u00e9\u00fad [r\u0348\u02b2e\u02d0u\u032f\u00f0] = frost Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) re\u00f3d = frost Irish (Gaeilge) reo [\u027e\u02e0o\u02d0 \/ \u027e\u02e0\u0254\u02d0] = frost reod\u00f3g = icicle reoigh = to freeze, congeal, solidify reoiteach = frosty, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,10,11,12,13,23,43,92,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-weather","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5780"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7672,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5780\/revisions\/7672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}