{"id":5774,"date":"2021-02-19T17:00:06","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T17:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=5774"},"modified":"2022-10-18T14:53:29","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T13:53:29","slug":"heavenly-sky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/02\/19\/heavenly-sky\/","title":{"rendered":"Heavenly Sky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>sky<\/strong> and <strong>heaven<\/strong> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/29126527671\/in\/photolist-PBMAUD-P7Szz9-EzZinZ-MFZBWz-NDZQ7n-MFZAeM-NDZMZr-Mr4nd8-NoXNUM-MvYGY9-LN4wGD-LtBRQs-KFPnV5-LCPUcD-KFYo54-LvT7Pz-LnP4Vz-Lg2cQa-JfHN2G-JfL4bK-JfHMCW-JLe6CC-JfHJ4S-Kcb1ke-Ju4Z2Y-GRHrHx-awpUzY-awpUdd-awncZ2-FNuZcq-Fpf8gA-FM4Djh-ETUZ1o-FCdMEB-Eox9zJ-E5YPCr-EbUbq7-zUeSDT-AcHfUv-AuT8bQ-B6y841-B7DW8G-cS93QA-8G7grU-5mbrKs-5dwGNB-4qNz4k-4qNyWD-4qSDP9-4qSDHj\" title=\"Cymylau\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8089\/29126527671_7a78e252e2_z.jpg\" alt=\"Cymylau\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nemos<\/strong> = sky, heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nem<\/strong> [n\u0348\u02b2e\u1e7d] = heaven, sky, radiance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>neamh<\/strong> [n\u02b2av\u02e0 \/ n\u0320\u02b2av\u02e0 \/ n\u0320\u02b2aw] = heaven, sky, firmament<br \/>\n<strong>neamha\u00ed<\/strong> [n\u032a\u02b2ial\u032a\u02e0] = heavenly, celestial;  droning, monotonous, apathetic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>n\u00e8amh<\/strong> [n\u032a\u02b2\u025b\u0303\u02d0v] = heaven; firmament, the skies<br \/>\n<strong>n\u00e8amhaidh<\/strong> [n\u032a\u02b2\u025b\u02d0v\u026a] = heavenly, celestial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niau<\/strong> = heaven<br \/>\n<strong>niauagh<\/strong> = heavenly, celestial<br \/>\n<strong>niauoil<\/strong> = divine, heavenly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ne\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> [\u02c8n\u025b\u02d0\u03b2\u0303] = heaven, sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>nem<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>new, nym, nef<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nef<\/strong> [ne\u02d0v] = heaven, paradise; God, providence; sky, firmament<br \/>\n<strong>nef a daear<\/strong> = heaven and earth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>nef<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nev<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>nem<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>neff<\/strong> = heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ne\u00f1v<\/strong> [\u02c8n\u1ebd(w)] = sky, heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*n\u00e9b\u02b0os<\/em> (cloud, mist, moisture) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/nemos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sp\u00e9ir<\/strong> [\u02c8s\u02e0kam\u02e0\u0259l\u032a\u02e0] = sky,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sp\u00e9ir<\/strong> [sp\u02b2e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2] = sky, air; airiness, brightness, light; sphere, circle, orbit<br \/>\n<strong>sp\u00e9irbhean<\/strong> = beautiful woman, fair lady (\u2018sky-woman\u2019)<br \/>\n<strong>sp\u00e9irghealach<\/strong> = \u2018sky-brightness\u2019, starry light<br \/>\n<strong>sp\u00e9irghlan<\/strong> = clear-skied<br \/>\n<strong>sp\u00e9irghorm<\/strong> = sky-blue<br \/>\n<strong>sp\u00e9irl\u00e9as<\/strong> = skylight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>speur<\/strong> [sbi\u0259r] = the sky, firmament, heavens, heights<br \/>\n<strong>speur-bhean<\/strong> = beautiful woman (<em>usually in myths<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>speur glan<\/strong> = clear skies<br \/>\n<strong>speur-e\u00f2las<\/strong> = star-gazery<br \/>\n<strong>speur-shiubhal<\/strong> = space travel<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-speur<\/strong> = airship<br \/>\n<strong>bun-speura<\/strong> = skyline<br \/>\n<strong>sgoil-speur<\/strong> = astronomy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>speyr<\/strong> = sky, climate<br \/>\n<strong>speyr-ghorrym<\/strong> = sky-blue, cerulean<br \/>\n<strong>speyr-oaylleeaght<\/strong> = aerology<br \/>\n<strong>speyr voorjeenagh<\/strong> =angry (sky)<br \/>\n<strong>speyr vreck<\/strong> = mackerel sky<br \/>\n<strong>corpane speyr(ey)<\/strong> = heavenly body<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sff\u00ear<\/strong> [ne\u02d0v] = sphere, ball, globe, heavely body, sphere (<em>of the sky<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sph\u00e8re, sfer<\/strong> = sphere, globe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Latin <em>sph\u0113ra \/ sphaera<\/em> (ball, globe, sphere), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1<\/em> (spha\u00eera &#8211; ball, globe) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sp%C3%A9ir\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer<\/strong> [\u02c8a.er] = air, sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aidh\u00e9ar, aer<\/strong> =  air, atmosphere, sky, breath, amusement, sport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer<\/strong> [e\u02d0\u027e\u02e0 \/ e\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = air, sky, climate, gaiety, pleasure, (musical) air, tune<br \/>\n<strong>aerach<\/strong> = airy, light-hearted, gay, lively, frolicsome<br \/>\n<strong>aerfort<\/strong> = airport<br \/>\n<strong>aerghiot\u00e1r<\/strong> = air guitar<br \/>\n<strong>aertha<\/strong> = light-headed, giddy, simply-minded, silly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>adhar<\/strong> [a.\u0259r] = air, sky, heaven<br \/>\n<strong>adharag<\/strong> = light breeze, aerial being<br \/>\n<strong>adharail<\/strong> = ethereal, airy, aerial<br \/>\n<strong>port-adhair<\/strong> = airport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer<\/strong> [e\u02d0\u0259] = aeronautical, air, pneumatic, atmosphere<br \/>\n<strong>aerag<\/strong> = aerial, antenna<br \/>\n<strong>aeragh<\/strong> = aerated, airy, atmospheric, ethereal<br \/>\n<strong>aeroil<\/strong> = airy, jaunty, volatile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*au\u0268r<\/strong> = air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>awyr<\/strong> [\u02c8a.u\u0268\u032fr] = air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>awyr<\/strong> [\u02c8au\u032f.\u0268\u031er, \u02c8au\u032f.\u026ar] = air,  atmosphere, sky, firmament, (the) heavens<br \/>\n<strong>awyraidd<\/strong> = aerial, celestial, atmospheric, airy, well-ventilated<br \/>\n<strong>awyrell<\/strong> = balloon, airship, vent, ventilation shaft, airway<br \/>\n<strong>awyren<\/strong> = aeroplane, aircraft, balloon, meteor, fan<br \/>\n<strong>awyrennu<\/strong> = aviation<br \/>\n<strong>awyro<\/strong> = to ventilate, air, aerate<br \/>\n<strong>maes awyr<\/strong> = airport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ayr, auuit, aer<\/strong> = air, sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ayr<\/strong> = air<br \/>\n<strong>ayrborth<\/strong> = airport<br \/>\n<strong>ayrbost<\/strong> = airmail<br \/>\n<strong>ayredh<\/strong> = climate<br \/>\n<strong>ayrek<\/strong> = aerial<br \/>\n<strong>ayrell<\/strong> = ventilator<br \/>\n<strong>ayrella<\/strong> = to ventilate<br \/>\n<strong>ayrellans<\/strong> = ventilation<br \/>\n<strong>ayren<\/strong> = aeroplane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer<\/strong> = air, strong smell, sky, appearance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer, \u00e6r, ear, \u00e9\u00e9r<\/strong> = air, strong smell, sky, appearance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aer<\/strong> [\u025b\u0281] = air<br \/>\n<strong>aeraer<\/strong> = ventilator, aerator<br \/>\n<strong>aera\u00f1<\/strong> = to ventilate, aerate<br \/>\n<strong>aerlu<\/strong> = airforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>\u0101\u0113r<\/em> (air), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u1fb1\u0313\u03ae\u03c1<\/em> (\u0101\u1e17r &#8211; mist, air, wind, space, volume), from the Proto-Hellenic <em>*auh\u1e17r<\/em> (morning mist), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082ews\u1e17r<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2082ews-<\/em> (dawn, east) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/aer#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>east<\/strong>, <strong>Easter<\/strong>, <strong>aura<\/strong>, <strong>aurora<\/strong> and <strong>Australia<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*h%E2%82%82ews-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>wybr, ybrev<\/strong> = air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>wybr<\/strong> [\u028a\u0268\u032fbr, \u028ai\u032fbr] = sky, firmament, heaven, cloud, cataract<br \/>\n<strong>wybraf, wybro, wybran<\/strong> = to wander (aimlessly), rove, look up at the sky<br \/>\n<strong>wybraidd<\/strong> = pertaining to the sky or firmament, celestial, aerial. cloudy<br \/>\n<strong>wybrwr, wybrydd<\/strong> = astronome, astrologer, traveller, wanderer, vagabond, rover<br \/>\n<strong>wybryddiaeth<\/strong> = astronomy, astrology, meteorology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>huibren<\/strong> = sky, firmament<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ebron, ybron, ybbern<\/strong> = sky, firmament<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ebron<\/strong> = sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>noabreen<\/strong> = sky, cloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oabr<\/strong> = sky, cloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oabl<\/strong> [\u02c8w\u0251\u02d0pl] = sky, cloud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for sky and heaven in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *nemos = sky, heaven Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) nem [n\u0348\u02b2e\u1e7d] = heaven, sky, radiance Irish (Gaeilge) neamh [n\u02b2av\u02e0 \/ n\u0320\u02b2av\u02e0 \/ n\u0320\u02b2aw] = heaven, sky, firmament neamha\u00ed [n\u032a\u02b2ial\u032a\u02e0] = heavenly, celestial; droning, monotonous, apathetic Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) n\u00e8amh [n\u032a\u02b2\u025b\u0303\u02d0v] = heaven; firmament, the skies n\u00e8amhaidh [n\u032a\u02b2\u025b\u02d0v\u026a] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,11,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5774"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6912,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774\/revisions\/6912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}