{"id":4874,"date":"2020-01-21T16:37:54","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T16:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4874"},"modified":"2022-05-28T17:48:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T16:48:45","slug":"sheep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2020\/01\/21\/sheep\/","title":{"rendered":"Sheep"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>sheep<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/35817754332\/in\/photolist-Wz6muu-WCtzjz-2gGRYH3-2gEzjt6-2gEzZ8r-KRBJRa-21QZEVp-222DGWw-21LzhGP-21XPkYJ-WPFAYs-WVeXJL-UjN6Yd-QcaWVy-a8H1Jq-a8E8Nc-a8E8Yx-a8E8CF\" title=\"Sheep in Gleann Cholm Cille\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4296\/35817754332_53837b7b1c_z.jpg\" alt=\"Sheep in Gleann Cholm Cille\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ka\u0278r\u0101xs<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>c\u00e1era, ca\u00edra<\/strong> [\u02c8ka\u02d0i\u032fra] = ox, cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caora<\/strong> [\u02c8ke\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0259 \/ \u02c8ki\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0259] = sheep, ewe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caora<\/strong> [k\u026f\u02d0r\u0259] = sheep, sheepish person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>keyrrey<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kaeriwrch<\/strong> = roebuck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caer<\/strong> = sheep (<em>archaic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>caeriwrch \/ cariwrch<\/strong> = roebuck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*k\u00e1pros<\/em> (goat) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ka%C9%B8r%C4%81xs\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*damos<\/strong> = ox, bull, domesticated animal<br \/>\n<strong>*dametos<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dam<\/strong> [da\u1e7d] = ox, stag, hero, champion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>damh<\/strong> [d\u032a\u02e0aw] = ox, stag; strong man, champion, corpulent person<br \/>\n<strong>damh alla<\/strong> = stag<br \/>\n<strong>damh comhair<\/strong> = one of a pair of oxen, yokefellow; equal, peer<br \/>\n<strong>damh\u00e1ire<\/strong> = bellowing, lowing (of oxen), belling (of stag)<br \/>\n<strong>damh\u00e1n<\/strong> = small ox<br \/>\n<strong>damhra<\/strong> = oxen, yoke of oxen; stags, herd of deer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>damh<\/strong> [dav] = stag (<em>antlered, up to 4 yrs old<\/em>), ox, oaf, crab missing a claw<br \/>\n<strong>damh-f\u00e9idh<\/strong> = hart, stag<br \/>\n<strong>cho dall ri damh ann an ce\u00f2<\/strong> = as blind as a bat in daylight (\u201cas blind as an ox in the fog\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dow<\/strong> = ox, hart, stag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*da\u03b2\u0303ad<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dauat, davad<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dafad<\/strong> [\u02c8davad\/\u02c8da\u02d0vad] = sheep, ewe; one who is under the charge of a spiritual pastor<br \/>\n<strong>defaid cymorth<\/strong> = sheep given to a needy person to form the nucleus of a flock<br \/>\n<strong>dafad ddu<\/strong> = black sheep, prodigal son, ne\u2019er do-well of a family<br \/>\n<strong>defaid Dafydd Jos<\/strong> = waves, billows (\u201cDavid Jones\u2019 sheep\u201d)<br \/>\n<strong>mynd yn draed defaid<\/strong> = to go to ruin (&#8220;to become sheep\u2019s feet\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>dauat<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>davas<\/strong> = ewe, sheep<br \/>\n<strong>kig davas<\/strong> = mutton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>da\u00f1vad<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u00e3\u02d0.vat] = sheep; overly kind, gentle person; cuckold, flock; small, fluffy clouds, foamy waves<br \/>\n<strong>da\u00f1vadez<\/strong> = ewe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the Brythonic words come from <em>*dametos<\/em>, which comes from <em>*damos<\/em>. Both these words come from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*demh\u2082-<\/em> (to domesticate, tame) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/dametos\">source<\/a>]. The English words <strong>tame<\/strong>, <strong>(in)domitable<\/strong> and <strong>danger<\/strong> come from the same PIE root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/demh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*retio-<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reithe<\/strong> [r\u0348\u02b2e\u03b8\u02b2e] = ram; boats used as fireships<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reithe<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reithe<\/strong> [r\u0348\u02b2e.\u0259] = ram, tup; Aries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rea<\/strong> = ram, tup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/reithe#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hwrd, hwrt<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hwrdd<\/strong> = ram; a stupid person; battering ram; rammer, beater; Aries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>hor\u00fe<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>hordh<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hordh<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>(h)ourz<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*moltos<\/strong> = ram, wether (<em>castrated ram<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*multon<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>molt<\/strong> [mol\u0348t] = ram, wether<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>molt<\/strong> = wether, sulky, morose person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>molt<\/strong> [mul\u032a\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0] = wether<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mohlt<\/strong> = castrated sheep, wether, mutton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mollt<\/strong> = castrated ram, wether, mutton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mollt<\/strong> [mo\u02d0\u026cd \/ m\u0254\u026ct] = castrated ram, wether, mutton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mols<\/strong> = wether, sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>mout, maout<\/strong> = ram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maout<\/strong> [\u02c8m\u0254wt] = ram, mutton; champion, trophy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain, possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(h\u2082)moldus<\/em> (soft, weak) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/moltos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Gaulish <em>*multon<\/em> is the root of the French word <strong>mouton<\/strong> (sheep, mutton), via the Vulgar Latin <em>molt\u014d<\/em> (wether), and also of the Galician word <strong>mot\u00f3a<\/strong> (sheep), and the English word <strong>mutton<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Gaulish\/multon-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ognos<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faan<\/strong> [u\u02d0a\u032fn] = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uan<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uan<\/strong> [u\u0259n] = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eayn<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*o\u0268n<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oen<\/strong> [o\u02d0\u0268\u032fn \/ \u0254i\u032fn] = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>oin<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oen<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oan<\/strong> = lamb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082eg\u02b7n\u00f3s<\/em> (lamb) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%82eg%CA%B7n%C3%B3s\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/b%C4%81us\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/index.html\">MacBain&#8217;s Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/fear\">teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">On-Line Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=gour\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaire Favereau<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for sheep and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *ka\u0278r\u0101xs = sheep Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) c\u00e1era, ca\u00edra [\u02c8ka\u02d0i\u032fra] = ox, cow Irish (Gaeilge) caora [\u02c8ke\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0259 \/ \u02c8ki\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0259] = sheep, ewe Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) caora [k\u026f\u02d0r\u0259] = sheep, sheepish person Manx (Gaelg) keyrrey = sheep Middle Welsh (Kymraec) kaeriwrch = roebuck Welsh (Cymraeg) caer = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,16,26,19,20,44,24,25,21,3,22,5,6,7,27,9,10,11,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animals","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4874"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6637,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4874\/revisions\/6637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}