{"id":4826,"date":"2020-01-18T15:43:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-18T15:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4826"},"modified":"2024-07-10T21:49:41","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T20:49:41","slug":"cattle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2020\/01\/18\/cattle\/","title":{"rendered":"Cattle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>cattle<\/strong>, <strong>cow<\/strong>, <strong>bull<\/strong>, <strong>calf<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/14740456187\/in\/photolist-oK27NW-osyG5k-oK27cq\" title=\"Highland cows\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3850\/14740456187_af36cd0772_z.jpg\" alt=\"Highland cows\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*b\u0101us<\/strong> = cow<br \/>\n<strong>*bow<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Celtiberian<\/th>\n<td><strong>boustom<\/strong> = stable (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3<\/strong> [bo\u02d0] = ox, cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3<\/strong> = ox, cow<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3aire<\/strong> = stock-master, stock-owner (\u201ccow-noble\u201d)<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3lacht<\/strong> = stock of cattle<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3mlacht<\/strong> = cow\u2019s milk<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00faarach<\/strong> = owner of cows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3<\/strong> [b\u02e0o\u02d0] = cow<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3 mhara<\/strong> = sea-cow, manatee<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3 shamhraidh<\/strong> = ladybird<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3-aire<\/strong> = cattle lord, cattle owner<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3d\u00f3ir<\/strong> = cow-doctor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f2<\/strong> [bo\u02d0] = cow<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f2 b(h)ainne<\/strong> = dair\/milk cow<br \/>\n<strong>boineag<\/strong> = small cow<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f2thach<\/strong> = pertaining to or abounding in cows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>booa<\/strong> = cow<br \/>\n<strong>booa vluight<\/strong> = dairy cow<br \/>\n<strong>boin<\/strong> = very little cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*b\u0289<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>buv, bu, buw<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bu<\/strong> = cow, ox, head of cattle (<em>as a standard of value in the Welsh laws<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>buach<\/strong> = cowherd, rustic, wretched creature<br \/>\n<strong>biw<\/strong> = cow, cattle, horned cattle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>biuh<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bu<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bu<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> (cattle). The old Galician word <strong>busto<\/strong> (enclosed pasture, a herd of cattle) comes from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Celtiberian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/g%CA%B7%E1%B9%93ws\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*boukk\u0101<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*b\u0289x<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>buvch, buwch<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>buwch<\/strong> [b\u0268u\u032f\u03c7 \/ b\u026au\u032f\u03c7] = cow<br \/>\n<strong>buwch y dwfr<\/strong> = hippopotamus<br \/>\n<strong>buwch goch Duw<\/strong> = ladybird<br \/>\n<strong>buwchaidd<\/strong> = cow-like, pertaining to cattle, bovine, uncivilized, stolid<br \/>\n<strong>buwchan<\/strong> = small cow, young cow, heffer<br \/>\n<strong>buwchfrechu<\/strong> = to vaccinate (with cowpox)<br \/>\n<strong>buwchfrechiad<\/strong> = (cowpox) vaccination<br \/>\n<strong>buwchol<\/strong> = bovine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>buch<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beuch, buch, beuh<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bugh<\/strong> [bi\u028ax \/ b\u026awh] = cow<br \/>\n<strong>bugh godra<\/strong> = dairy cow<br \/>\n<strong>bughik<\/strong> = little cow<br \/>\n<strong>bughik Dhuw<\/strong> = ladybird<br \/>\n<strong>bughvowes<\/strong> = cowgirl<br \/>\n<strong>bughwas<\/strong> = cowboy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>buch<\/strong> = cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>buoc\u02bch<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u0265o\u02d0\u03c7 \/ \u02c8by\u02d0\u0254\u03c7] = cow<br \/>\n<strong>buoc\u2019han<\/strong> = ladybird<br \/>\n<strong>buoc\u2019hken<\/strong> = cowhide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic <em>*b\u0101us<\/em> (cow), the Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> (cattle) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/b%C4%81us\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crod<\/strong> = cattle, herds, livestock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crod, crud, (c)crodh<\/strong> = cattle, herds, stock, property, wealth<br \/>\n<strong>crodach<\/strong> = wealth, goods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crodh<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u027e\u02e0\u028ah] = cattle, wealth (in cattle), dowry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crodh<\/strong> [kro\u02d0\/kr\u026fj] = cattle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31erd\u02b0-<\/em> (file, row, herd) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\/C\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>herd<\/strong> in English, <strong>Herde<\/strong> (herd, flock) in German and <strong>herdhe<\/strong> (nest) in Albanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/herd#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ellach<\/strong> [\u02c8el\u0348ax] = good, property, livestock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ellach<\/strong> = goods, property, stock, cattle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eallach, eallaighe<\/strong> [\u02c8al\u032a\u02e0\u0259x \/ \u02c8al\u032a\u02e0a(x)] = chattels, goods, cattle, livestock, poultry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eallach<\/strong> [jal\u032a\u02e0\u0259x] = burden, load, goods, property, cattle, livestock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ollagh<\/strong> = bovines, cattle, kine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain. Possibly related to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/02\/19\/troop-host-throng\/\">sluagh<\/a> (host, force, army; crowd, multitude, throng) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\/E\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tarwos<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>taruos<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarb<\/strong> [tarv] = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarb<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarbh<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0a\u027e\u02e0u\u02d0 \/ \u02c8t\u032a\u02e0a\u027e\u02e0u] = bull<br \/>\n<strong>tarbhad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = toreador<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh\u00e1n<\/strong> = bull-calf, young bull<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh\u00e1nta<\/strong> = bull-like, massive, powerful<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh\u00e1ntacht<\/strong> = bullishness<br \/>\n<strong>tarbhghadhar<\/strong> = bulldog<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarbh<\/strong> [tarav] = bull, Taurus<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh-ch\u00f9<\/strong> = bulldog<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh-nathrach (neimhe)<\/strong> = dragonfly<br \/>\n<strong>tarbh-thonn<\/strong> = mighty wave<br \/>\n<strong>tarbhach<\/strong> = like a bull, hefty, chunky<br \/>\n<strong>tarbhan<\/strong> = small bull<br \/>\n<strong>tarbhan-d\u00e8<\/strong> = butterfly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarroo<\/strong> = bull, Taurus<br \/>\n<strong>taarroo oaldey<\/strong> = bison, buffalo<br \/>\n<strong>tarroo-choo<\/strong> = bulldog<br \/>\n<strong>tarroo-feeaih<\/strong> = stag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tarw<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tar\u1efc, tarv<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarw<\/strong> [\u02c8taru \/ \u02c8ta\u02d0ru] = bull, uncastrated male ox, papal bull, Taurus (<em>sign of the zodiac<\/em>); valiant leader, fierce hero<br \/>\n<strong>tarw dur<\/strong> = bulldozer<br \/>\n<strong>tarwgi<\/strong> = bulldog<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarow<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarow<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarow<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taruu<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taru<\/strong> = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tarv<\/strong> [\u02c8tarw \/ \u02c8t\u0251\u02d0ro]  = bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*t\u00e1wros<\/em> (wild bull, aurochs), which possibly comes from, or was borrowed into Proto-Semtic as <em>*\u1e6fawr-<\/em> (bull, ox), from which we get <strong>\u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631<\/strong> (\u1e6fawr &#8211; bull, steer, ox, Taurus) in Arabic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic\/%E1%B9%AFawr-\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Old Irish Irish word for bull was borrowed into Old Norse as <strong>tarfr<\/strong>, which became <strong>tarvur<\/strong> (bull, Taurus, womanizer) in Faroese, and <strong>tarfur<\/strong> (bull) in Icelandic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tarwos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>Taurus<\/strong> and <strong>steer<\/strong> in English, <strong>taureau<\/strong> (bull, Taurus) in French, <strong>toro<\/strong> (bull) in Spanish, and <strong>touro<\/strong> (bull) in Portuguese [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/t%C3%A1wros\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*laygos \/ *l\u0101\u0278igos<\/strong> = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00f3eg<\/strong> [l\u0348o\u02d0i\u032f\u0263] = calf, favourite, darling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00f3eg<\/strong> = calf, favourite, darling, young deer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lao<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0e\u02d0 \/ l\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0] = (young) calf<br \/>\n<strong>laoid\u00edn<\/strong> = tiny calf<br \/>\n<strong>laofheoil<\/strong> = veal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>laogh<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0\u026f\u02d0\u0263] = calf, kid (<em>of deer<\/em>), fawn, term of endearment for a child<br \/>\n<strong>laoghach<\/strong> = pertaining to or abounding in calves<br \/>\n<strong>laoghan<\/strong> = little calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lheiy<\/strong> [ax] = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lo, lloe, llo<\/strong> = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llo<\/strong> [\u026co\u02d0] = calf, bullock, simpleton, dolt<br \/>\n<strong>llo(e)aidd<\/strong> = calf-like<br \/>\n<strong>lloeaf, lloeo, lloea<\/strong> = to calve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>loch<\/strong> = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leauh, loch<\/strong> = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leugh<\/strong> [l\u00f8\u02d0x \/ le\u02d0x \/ l\u025bwh] = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lue, leu\u00e8, leu\u00eb<\/strong> = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leue<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u00f8\u02d0.e \/ lwe\u02d0] = calf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: a diminutuve of the Proto-Indo-European <em>*leh\u2082p-<\/em> (cattle) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/l%C3%B3eg#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bearach<\/strong> = heifer, young cow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>biorach<\/strong> [bir\u0259x] = a weaned but not fully mature calf or foal (up to 2 years); anti-suckling device, sucking preventer, weaner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bustach \/ bustych<\/strong> = bullock, ox, steer (<em>possibly related to the above words<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Old Irish <em>berach<\/em> [\u02c8b\u02b2erax] (pointed, sharp; having pointed ears, horned), from <em>bir<\/em> (stake, spit, point; spear, spike) &amp; <em>-ach<\/em> (related to, having, characterised by, prone to) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/berach#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u00f6djon<\/strong> = ox, bull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eydyon, eidon<\/strong> = ox, steer, bullock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eidion<\/strong> = domestic male of the bovine family, ox, steer, bullock, neat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>odion<\/strong> = bullock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>udzheon, odgan<\/strong> = bullock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ojyon<\/strong> = ox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>egen, eugen, eugenn<\/strong> = ox, steer, beef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ejen<\/strong> [\u02c8e\u02d0\u0292\u025bn] = ox, steer, beef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/%C3%B6djon\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ander\u0101<\/strong> = young woman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>anderon<\/strong> = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ainder<\/strong> [\u02c8an\u0348\u02b2d\u02b2\u0259r] = married woman; virgin, maiden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ander<\/strong> [\u02c8\u00e6n\u0320\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = girl, maiden, lass; young woman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ainnir<\/strong> [\u02c8\u00e6n\u0320\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = girl, maiden, lass; young woman (<em>poetic<\/em>); attractive woman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ainnir<\/strong> [an\u0320\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2] = maiden, virgin; nymph; marriageable woman; young woman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>anneir<\/strong> = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>anner<\/strong> [\u02c8an\u025br] = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>annoer<\/strong> = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>annor<\/strong> = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>annoer, onnoer, ounner, onner<\/strong> = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>annoar<\/strong> [\u02c8\u00e3nwar] = heifer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly related to Basque <em>andere<\/em> (lady, woman) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ander%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for cattle, cow, bull, calf and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *b\u0101us = cow *bow = cow Celtiberian boustom = stable (?) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) b\u00f3 [bo\u02d0] = ox, cow Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) b\u00f3 = ox, cow b\u00f3aire = stock-master, stock-owner (\u201ccow-noble\u201d) b\u00f3lacht = stock of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,73,121,16,26,19,20,103,44,25,61,65,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,70,93,11,12,13,123,23,82,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-albanian","category-animals","category-arabic-","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-faroese-foroyskt-mal","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-semitic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4826"}],"version-history":[{"count":59,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8283,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4826\/revisions\/8283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}