{"id":4732,"date":"2019-11-11T17:47:01","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T17:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4732"},"modified":"2023-04-27T15:41:14","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T14:41:14","slug":"books","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/11\/11\/books\/","title":{"rendered":"Books"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>book<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages:<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/babasteve\/15531002668\/in\/photolist-pEqs15-pYwySA-YmUA4S-pYzNqA-ULziz7-WW5LtA-PLC2Gk-4Turc-QDCLTH-zeP1t7-RUsUaa-RDZT9N-aeKg9P-qhm3fY-QEvDni-2462sCj-pbbax1-28QhNqX-23iFJjo-ezKqGq-PvWqBP-pbbt6g-8x15pJ-PvWsXk-LDPNC6-eEVt13-zwpQUD-RETc3S-2eioJdN-pqCw1N-zwpRmv-AEiXjL-5bBFkr-pbaUTw-psCAEb-psEo5R-psCQjq-pbafVD-psoe2P-pbbqnk-psCL2N-pqCka9-NsGkS4-PvWtK2-NsGihp-262TUch-tknCZ-unPUc-y2oUZ6-7FhiFj\" title=\"The Library, Trinity College - Dublin, Ireland\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7500\/15531002668_a68b1d6985_z.jpg\" alt=\"The Library, Trinity College - Dublin, Ireland\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lebor<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0348\u02b2evor] = book<br \/>\n<strong>lebr\u00e1n<\/strong> = little book, booklet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lebar, lebor<\/strong> = book, volume, treatise, charter<br \/>\n<strong>lebarda, lebur(da)<\/strong> = bookish, learned, lettered, of or belonging to books<br \/>\n<strong>lebarach<\/strong> = of or belonging to books, written<br \/>\n<strong>lebr\u00e1n<\/strong> = little book, handbook, copy, transcript<br \/>\n<strong>lebr\u00f3ir<\/strong> = (book) peddlar, merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leabhar<\/strong> [l\u0320\u02b2\u0259u\u027e\u02e0 \/ l\u0320\u02b2o\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = book<br \/>\n<strong>leabharbh\u00e1ch<\/strong> = bibliophile<br \/>\n<strong>leabharbhoth<\/strong> = bookstall<br \/>\n<strong>leabhareola\u00ed<\/strong> = bibliographer<br \/>\n<strong>leabharlann<\/strong> = library<br \/>\n<strong>leabharlanna\u00ed<\/strong> = librarian<br \/>\n<strong>leabharach<\/strong> = bookish<br \/>\n<strong>leabharag\u00e1n<\/strong> = bookcase<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar\u00e1n<\/strong> = booklet<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar\u00f3g<\/strong> = libretto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leabhar<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02b2o.\u0259r] = book, volume, the Bible<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-lann<\/strong> = library<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-lannaiche<\/strong> = librarian<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-latha<\/strong> = diary, journal<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-p\u00f2caid<\/strong> = pocketbook, wallet<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-chl\u00e0r<\/strong> = bibliography<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar-d<\/strong> = e-book<br \/>\n<strong>leabhar m\u00f3r-e\u00f2lais<\/strong> = encyclopedia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lioar<\/strong> = book, tome, volume, folio<br \/>\n<strong>lioaran<\/strong> = booklet, brochure, pamphlet, tract<br \/>\n<strong>lioaragh<\/strong> = bookish, lettered, studious, booklearned, well-read<br \/>\n<strong>lioaraghan<\/strong> = bookcase<br \/>\n<strong>lioarlagh<\/strong> = collection of books<br \/>\n<strong>lioarlan(n)<\/strong> = library<br \/>\n<strong>lioarlannee<\/strong> = librarian<br \/>\n<strong>lioarvark<\/strong> = bookmark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ll\u0268\u03b2r<\/strong> = book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llyvir, llyther, llyuyr, llyvyr<\/strong> = book, volume<br \/>\n<strong>llyvran<\/strong> = small book, booklet, pamphlet<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrbry, llyvrbryv<\/strong> = bookworm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llyfr<\/strong> [\u026c\u0268\u031evr \/ \u026c\u026avr] = book, volume<br \/>\n<strong>llyfraf, llyfro, llyfru<\/strong> = to book, enter in a book, record, register, enrol<br \/>\n<strong>llyfran<\/strong> = small book, booklet, pamphlet<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrbryf<\/strong> = bookworm<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrdy<\/strong> = library, study, collection of books, bookshop<br \/>\n<strong>llyfreugar<\/strong> = fond of books<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrgar<\/strong> = bookish, studious<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrgell<\/strong> = library, study, bookshop<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrgellydd<\/strong> = librarian, book collector<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrifwr<\/strong> = book-keeper<br \/>\n<strong>llyfrnod<\/strong> = bookmark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>liuer<\/strong> = book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>levar, liver, lyvyr<\/strong> = book<br \/>\n<strong>levarva<\/strong> = library, bookcase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lyver, lever<\/strong> = book<br \/>\n<strong>lyver dedhyow<\/strong> = calendar<br \/>\n<strong>lyver kuntel<\/strong> = album<br \/>\n<strong>lyver termyn<\/strong> = magazine, periodical<br \/>\n<strong>lyverji<\/strong> = bookshop<br \/>\n<strong>lyverva<\/strong> = library<br \/>\n<strong>lyveras, lyverades<\/strong> = librarian<br \/>\n<strong>lyvrik, lyvryn<\/strong> = booklet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>libr<\/strong> = book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leffr, leur, leufr, levvr, levr<\/strong> = book<br \/>\n<strong>levr-dourn<\/strong> = manual, handbook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>levr<\/strong> = book<br \/>\n<strong>levr-dorn<\/strong> = manual, handbook<br \/>\n<strong>levr-skrid<\/strong> = manuscript<br \/>\n<strong>levraoua<\/strong> = to look for books<br \/>\n<strong>levraoueg, levrdi<\/strong> = library<br \/>\n<strong>levraouegour, levrdiour<\/strong> = librarian<br \/>\n<strong>levraouek<\/strong> = full of books<br \/>\n<strong>levraouer<\/strong> = bibliophile, book lover<br \/>\n<strong>levraouerezh<\/strong> = bibliophilia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>liber<\/em> (book, the inner bark of a tree), from Proto-Italic <em>*lufros<\/em>, from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*lub\u02b0r\u00f3s<\/em>, from <em>*lewb\u02b0-<\/em> (to peel, cut off, harm). Words from the same roots include <strong>libel<\/strong>, <strong>library<\/strong>, <strong>leaf<\/strong> and <strong>lobby<\/strong> in English, and <strong>librairie<\/strong> (bookshop, tobacconist\u2019s) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/liber#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for book and related things in Celtic languages: Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) lebor [\u02c8l\u0348\u02b2evor] = book lebr\u00e1n = little book, booklet Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) lebar, lebor = book, volume, treatise, charter lebarda, lebur(da) = bookish, learned, lettered, of or belonging to books lebarach = of or belonging to books, written lebr\u00e1n = little book, handbook, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,13,60,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4732"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7264,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4732\/revisions\/7264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}