{"id":4717,"date":"2019-11-02T15:28:19","date_gmt":"2019-11-02T15:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4717"},"modified":"2025-04-25T13:17:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T12:17:20","slug":"floor-ground","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/11\/02\/floor-ground\/","title":{"rendered":"Floor \/ Ground"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>floor<\/strong>, <strong>ground<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/53205122976\/in\/photostream\/\" title=\"The floor in my attic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/53205122976_e884517c4b_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"The floor in my attic\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278l\u0101rom<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1r<\/strong> = surface, middle<br \/>\n<strong>airl\u00e1r<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1r<\/strong> = surface, middle, interior<br \/>\n<strong>airl\u00e1r, erlar, irl\u00e1r, urlar<\/strong> = level surface, floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1r<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u02e0 \/ l\u032a\u02e0\u00e6\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = ground, floor, middle, centre<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1raigh<\/strong> = to centralize<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1rnach<\/strong> = central, medial, innermost<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1r\u00fa<\/strong> = centralization<br \/>\n<strong>url\u00e1r<\/strong> = floor, level surface, bottom surface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e0r<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0\u027e] = floor, ground, storey, middle, centre<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0r-dannsa<\/strong> = dance floor<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0r-ionad<\/strong> = hub<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f9rlar<\/strong> = floor(ing), motif, theme, ground movement, groundwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>laare<\/strong> = flat, level, set, sill, centre, bottom, deck, floor, storey, flatness<br \/>\n<strong>laaraghey<\/strong> = centralization, to centralize, to floor, to lay (a floor)<br \/>\n<strong>laareagh<\/strong> = floored, flooring<br \/>\n<strong>laarit<\/strong> = floored<br \/>\n<strong>laare hallooin<\/strong> = ground floor<br \/>\n<strong>laare skyrraghtyn<\/strong> = skating rink<br \/>\n<strong>brat laare<\/strong> = carpet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*l\u1ecdr<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0254\u02d0r] = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>laur<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llaur, llawr<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llawr<\/strong> [\u026cau\u032fr] = floor, deck, gallery, stage, platform, cellar, basement, ground, bottom (of sea)<br \/>\n<strong>llawr isaf<\/strong> = ground floor<br \/>\n<strong>llawr llofft<\/strong> = upstairs floor<br \/>\n<strong>llawr uchaf<\/strong> = top floor, top storey<br \/>\n<strong>llawr sglefrio<\/strong> = skating rink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>lor<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leur, luer, l\u00ear<\/strong> = floor, pavement, ground floor, ground, earth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leur<\/strong> = floor, ground, storey<br \/>\n<strong>leur a-woles<\/strong> = ground floor<br \/>\n<strong>leurlen<\/strong> = carpet<br \/>\n<strong>leuredh<\/strong> = area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>lor<\/strong> = floor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leur<\/strong> = area, location, floor, ground<br \/>\n<strong>leuzr carr<\/strong> = plateau, cart bed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leur<\/strong> [l\u00f8\u02d0r] = floor, ground, area<br \/>\n<strong>leurenn<\/strong> = stage<br \/>\n<strong>leurenna\u00f1<\/strong> = to stage, set the scene<br \/>\n<strong>leurenner<\/strong> = director<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*pleh\u2082ros<\/em> (to be flat, from <em>*pleh\u2082-<\/em> (flat) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8l%C4%81rom\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same Proto-Celtic root possibly include <strong>leira<\/strong> (field) in Galician, <strong>leira<\/strong> (furrow) in Portuguese, <strong>llera<\/strong> (a pebbly or stony area) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/leira\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>floor<\/strong>, <strong>palm<\/strong>, <strong>piano<\/strong>, <strong>plain<\/strong>, <strong>plan<\/strong>, <strong>plane<\/strong> and possibly <strong>pleasure<\/strong> in English, <strong>piazza<\/strong> in Italian, and <strong>\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> (ploskij &#8211; flat, plane, land, trivial, tame) in Russian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/pleh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for floor, ground and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *\u0278l\u0101rom = floor Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) l\u00e1r = surface, middle airl\u00e1r = floor Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) l\u00e1r = surface, middle, interior airl\u00e1r, erlar, irl\u00e1r, urlar = level surface, floor Irish (Gaeilge) l\u00e1r [l\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u02e0 \/ l\u032a\u02e0\u00e6\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = ground, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,24,21,83,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,93,11,12,13,106,23,82,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-galician","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian-","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4717"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8780,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4717\/revisions\/8780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}