{"id":4658,"date":"2019-10-09T21:32:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-09T20:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4658"},"modified":"2024-05-13T16:46:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T15:46:37","slug":"strength","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/10\/09\/strength\/","title":{"rendered":"Strength"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>strength<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/celtiadur\/strength.jpg\" width=\"630\" height=\"300\" alt=\"Strength\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*br\u012bgos<\/strong> = strength<br \/>\n<strong>*br\u012bga<\/strong> = power, worth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*br\u012bgos<\/strong> = strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00edg<\/strong> [b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263 \/ b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263\u02b2] = force, power, value, virtue, strength, vigour, vitality<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgach<\/strong> = powerful, mighty, strong<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgmar<\/strong> = powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00edg, brigh<\/strong> = power, strength, force, authority, vigour, virtue, might, value, worth, advantage, meaning<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgach<\/strong> = powerful, mighty, forceful<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgda<\/strong> = strong, vigorous<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgmar<\/strong> = powerful, strong, vigorous, lively, efficacious<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edgrad<\/strong> = power, force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00ed<\/strong> [br\u02b2i\u02d0] = strength, vigour; force, significance; influence, merit<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edoch<\/strong> = strong, vigorous, efficacious<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edochmar<\/strong> = strong, viorous<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edochtach<\/strong> = strong, vigorous person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00ecgh<\/strong> [br\u02b2i\u02d0] = essence, gist, matter, pith, purport, substance; meaning, sense, significance; point (of an argument); energy, force<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00ecghealachd<\/strong> [br\u02b2i\u02d0.\u0259L\u0259xg] = substance, juiciness, pithiness, significance (in mathematics)<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00ecgheil<\/strong> [br\u02b2i\u02d0.al] = meaningful, significant<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00ecoghmhor<\/strong> [br\u02b2i\u02d0(v)\u0259r] = meaningful, energetic, substantial, pithy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bree<\/strong> = power, energy, stamina, vigour, virtue, initiative, validity, animation, inwardness, glow, exhalation, drift, essence, gist, effect<br \/>\n<strong>breeagh<\/strong> = inspiring, vigorous<br \/>\n<strong>breeoil<\/strong> = dynamic, energetic, essential, impulsive, valid, vibrant, vigorous, active, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bri\u0263<\/strong> = honour, dignity (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bri<\/strong> = honour, dignity, reputation, fame<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bri<\/strong> [bri\u02d0] = honour, dignity, reputation, fame, prestige, esteem, power, authority, importance, value, popularity<br \/>\n<strong>briaeth<\/strong> = honour, dignity<br \/>\n<strong>briol<\/strong> = honourable, reverent, dignified<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bry<\/strong> = account, value, worth, price<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bri<\/strong> = distinction, esteem, importance, relevance, reputation, value, prominence<br \/>\n<strong>fowt bri<\/strong> = insignificance<br \/>\n<strong>heb bri<\/strong> = irelevant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bri<\/strong> = importance, weight, authority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bry<\/strong> = respect, consideration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bri<\/strong> [bri\u02d0] = dignity, honour, respect, consideration<br \/>\n<strong>brient<\/strong> = privilege, prerogative<br \/>\n<strong>brientek<\/strong> [bri.\u02c8\u025bn.tek] = privileged<br \/>\n<strong>brientin<\/strong> =  = privileged, aristocrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0r\u1e17\u01f5\u02b0-o-s<\/em>, from  <em>*b\u02b0er\u01f5\u02b0-<\/em> (to rise, ascend, to be elevated, up high). Words from the same roots, via Gaulish, include <strong>brio<\/strong> (vigour, vivacity) in English, <strong>briu<\/strong> (energy, push, courage) in Catalan, <strong>brio<\/strong> (vivacity, liveliness) in Italian, <strong>br\u00edo<\/strong> (vigour, mettle, zeal) in Spanish, and <strong>brio<\/strong> (brilliance, panache) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/br%C4%ABgos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>barrow<\/strong>, <strong>burrow<\/strong>, <strong>bury<\/strong>, <strong>effort<\/strong>, <strong>force<\/strong> and <strong>fort<\/strong> in English, and <strong>brenin<\/strong> (king), <strong>bwrw<\/strong> (to hit, strike, cast) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/br%C4%ABgos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nertom<\/strong> = strength, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Celtiberian<\/th>\n<td><strong>Nerto-<\/strong> = strength (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Nerto-<\/strong> = strength (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nert<\/strong> [n\u0348\u02b2er\u0348t] = power, strength<br \/>\n<strong>nertaid<\/strong> [\u02c8n\u0348\u02b2er\u0348t\u0268\u00f0\u02b2] = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nert, nnert, nirt<\/strong> = strength, might, power, ability, significance<br \/>\n<strong>nertaid<\/strong> = to strengthen, confirm, exhort, urge<br \/>\n<strong>nertaigid<\/strong> = to strengthen, confirm, encourage, grow strong, side with support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>neart<\/strong> [n\u02b2a\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0 \/ n\u0320\u02b2\u00e6\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0] = strength, force, power, ability, plenty<br \/>\n<strong>neartaigh<\/strong> = to strengthen<br \/>\n<strong>neartaitheach<\/strong> = strengthening, reinforcing<br \/>\n<strong>neartaitheoir<\/strong> = strengthener, abettor<br \/>\n<strong>neartmhaire<\/strong> = vigorousness, strength<br \/>\n<strong>neartmhar<\/strong> = strong, vigorous, powerful<br \/>\n<strong>neart\u00fa<\/strong> = strengthening, reinforcement, support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>neart<\/strong> [\u032an\u02b2\u025bR\u0283d] = might, strength, force, energy, power, (alcoholic) proof, majority, most<br \/>\n<strong>neartachadh<\/strong> [n\u032a\u02b2\u025bR\u0283d\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = strengthening, building up, making strong<br \/>\n<strong>neartaich<\/strong> strengthen, build up, make strong<br \/>\n<strong>neartaiche<\/strong> = strengthener, emphasiser<br \/>\n<strong>neartail<\/strong> = mighty, powerful, emphatic, forcible<br \/>\n<strong>neartmhor<\/strong> = mighty, powerful, emphatic, forcible<br \/>\n<strong>neartmhorachd<\/strong> = robustness, vigour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niart<\/strong> = strength, power, force<br \/>\n<strong>niartaght<\/strong> = strength<br \/>\n<strong>niartal<\/strong> = cogent, forcible, mighty, potent, powerful, strong<br \/>\n<strong>niarteyder<\/strong> = strengthener<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ner\u03b8<\/strong> [n\u025br\u03b8] = strenght, force, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerthi<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerth, nyrth<\/strong> = force, strength, power, might<br \/>\n<strong>nerthawc, nerthawg, nerthog<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful<br \/>\n<strong>nerthawl, nerthol<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful<br \/>\n<strong>nerthu<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify<br \/>\n<strong>nerthyd, nerthwr<\/strong> = fortifier, supporter, helper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerth<\/strong> [n\u025br\u03b8] = force, strength, power, might, energy, vigour, hardness<br \/>\n<strong>nerthedig<\/strong> = strong, strengthened<br \/>\n<strong>nerthog<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful, potent<br \/>\n<strong>nerthol<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful, potent<br \/>\n<strong>nerthu<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify, aid, help, exhort, urge<br \/>\n<strong>nerthwr, nerthydd<\/strong> = fortifier, supporter, helper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerth<\/strong> = might, power, strength, force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerth<\/strong> [n\u025br\u03b8] = energy, force, might, power, strength<br \/>\n<strong>nertha<\/strong> = to strengthen<br \/>\n<strong>nerthek<\/strong> = energetic, powerful, robust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerth<\/strong> = force, energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerz, nerh<\/strong> = force, energy<br \/>\n<strong>nerzus, nerhus<\/strong> = vigorous, robust, energetic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nerzh<\/strong> [n\u025brs] = force, energy<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhan nerzha\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8n\u025brzan \/ \u02c8n\u025brz\u00e3] = to strengthen, reinforce<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhder<\/strong> = vigueur<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhek<\/strong> = drastic<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhekaat<\/strong> = to give energy<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhelour<\/strong> = dynamic<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhus<\/strong> = vigorous<br \/>\n<strong>nerzhusaat<\/strong> = to strengthen oneself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082ner-to-<\/em> (virile, strong), from  <em>*h\u2082n\u1e17r-<\/em> (man, vital, energy). Words from the same roots include <strong>njer<\/strong> (man, human, person) in Albanian, <strong>\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> [\u02c8andras] (man, husband) in Greek, <strong>noras<\/strong> (wish, desire, will, intention) in Lithuanian, <strong>n\u00ear<\/strong> (lord, chief) in Welsh, and the name <strong>Nero<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/nertom\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1itir<\/strong> = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1itir, laitir<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0348a\u02d0d\u02b2\u0259r\u02b2] = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1idir<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0d\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2 \/ \u02c8l\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0d\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = strong, powerful, durable, tough, solid, forcible, loud<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1idreacht<\/strong> = strength<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1idrigh<\/strong> = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e0idir<\/strong> [l\u032aa\u02d0d\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2] = strong, potent, emphatic, robust, substantial<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0idireachd<\/strong> = strength<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0idireach<\/strong> = strong, potent, emphatic<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0idrich<\/strong> = make strong, strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lajer<\/strong> = strong, potent, vigorous, hard, heavy, powerful, stark<br \/>\n<strong>lajeragh<\/strong> = to strengthen, strengthening<br \/>\n<strong>lajerid<\/strong> = potency, powerfulness, strength, vigour<br \/>\n<strong>lajerys<\/strong> = cogency, force, might, prowess, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/l%C3%A1itir#Old_Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cadr\u00e1n<\/strong> = hardness, stubborness, obstinacy<br \/>\n<strong>cadr\u00e1nta<\/strong> = hard, unfeeling, stubborn, obstinate<br \/>\n<strong>cadr\u00e1ntacht<\/strong> = hardness, stubborness, obstinacy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kadarn<\/strong> = strong, powerful, mighty (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cadarn, kadarn, katarnn<\/strong> = strong, powerful, mighty<br \/>\n<strong>cadarnhau, kadarnaha<\/strong> = to strengthen, secure, fortify, safeguard<br \/>\n<strong>kedernyt, kedernit, cedernyt<\/strong> = strength, power, potency, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cadarn<\/strong> [\u02c8ka(\u02d0)darn] = strong, powerful, mighty, firm, fast<br \/>\n<strong>cadarnhad<\/strong> = confirmation<br \/>\n<strong>cadarnhau<\/strong> = to strengthen, secure, fortify, safeguard<br \/>\n<strong>cadernid<\/strong> = strength, power, potency, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cadarn<\/strong> = strong, stout, valiant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic <em>*katus<\/em> (battle), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*k\u00e9h\u2083tus<\/em> (battle), from <em>*keh\u2083-<\/em> (to fight). Words from the same roots include <strong>Hader<\/strong> (dispute, quarrel) and <strong>hadern<\/strong> (to quarrel, bicker, struggle) in German, and words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/09\/15\/battle\/\">battle<\/a> in Celtic languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/katus\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kri\u0278mos<\/strong> = strong (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kr\u0268\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> = strong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cryf, kryf<\/strong> = strong, powerful, vigorous<br \/>\n<strong>cryfder<\/strong> = strength, power, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cryf<\/strong> [kr\u0268\u02d0v \/ kri\u02d0v] = strong, powerful, vigorous, intoxicating, tough, rich, fruitful, intense<br \/>\n<strong>cryfder<\/strong> = strength, power, might<br \/>\n<strong>cryfhau<\/strong> = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>crif<\/strong> = strong, mighty, vigorous, hardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cref, cr\u0177f, crif, crev<\/strong> = strong, mighty, vigorous, hardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>krev<\/strong> = forceful, powerful, robust, strong, substantial<br \/>\n<strong>krevder<\/strong> = intensity, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cref, creff<\/strong> = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kre\u00f1v<\/strong> [\u02c8kr\u1ebd(w)] = strong, solid<br \/>\n<strong>kre\u00f1vaat<\/strong> [kr\u1ebd\u02c8f\u0251\u02d0t] = to strengthen, reinforce<br \/>\n<strong>kre\u00f1vder<\/strong> [\u02c8kr\u1ebd(w)d\u025br] = strength, power, might<br \/>\n<strong>kre\u00f1vlec&#8217;h<\/strong> = stronghold, fortress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic <em>*kri\u0278-<\/em> (body) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*krep-<\/em> (body). Words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/05\/10\/bodies\/\">body<\/a> in Celtic and other languages come from the same roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/kr%C9%A8%CE%B2%CC%83\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*trexsnos<\/strong> = strong<br \/>\n<strong>*trexsos<\/strong> = stronger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Trexius<\/strong>, <strong>Trexa<\/strong>, <strong>Trenus<\/strong> = <em>personal names<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Primitive Irish<\/th>\n<td>\u1688\u1688\u168f\u1693\u1685\u1690\u1682\u1692\u168c\u1691\u1684 (ttrenalugos), \u1688\u168f\u1693\u1685\u1690\u168c\u1692\u1684\u1692 (trenagusu) = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00e9n<\/strong> [t\u02b2r\u02b2e\u02d0n] = strong<br \/>\n<strong>treise<\/strong> = power, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00e9n<\/strong> = strong, powerful, strong man<br \/>\n<strong>treise<\/strong> = strength, vigour, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00e9an<\/strong> = strong man, warrior, champion, strength, power, intensity, plenty, abundance<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00e9aniarracht<\/strong> = strong, forcible, attempt<br \/>\n<strong>treise<\/strong> = strength, power, dominance, force, emphasis<br \/>\n<strong>treisigh<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify<br \/>\n<strong>treisi\u00fail<\/strong> = strong, forceful, vigorous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00e8ine<\/strong> [tre\u02d0n\u0259] = might, power<br \/>\n<strong>treise<\/strong> [tre\u0283\u0259] = strength, vigour<br \/>\n<strong>treun<\/strong> [tre\u02d0n] = champion, hero, brave, strong, sturdy<br \/>\n<strong>treunar<\/strong> [tre\u02d0n\u0259r] = strong man, champion, hero; very brave, heroic<br \/>\n<strong>treunas<\/strong> = might, power<br \/>\n<strong>treuntachd<\/strong> = boldness, courage<br \/>\n<strong>treuntas<\/strong> = strength, power, magnanimity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trean<\/strong> = brave, firm, heroic, intensive, mighty, stout, valiant<br \/>\n<strong>treanid<\/strong> = braveness, exploit, feat heroics, might, strength, valour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*trex<\/strong> = stronger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trech<\/strong> = stronger, mightier,  greater, superior, better<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trech<\/strong> [tre\u02d0\u03c7] = stronger, mightier, greater, superior, better<br \/>\n<strong>trechedd<\/strong> = supremacy, dominance<br \/>\n<strong>trechu<\/strong> = to defeat, overcome, overpower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trygh<\/strong> = conquest, victory, superior, triumphant, victorious<br \/>\n<strong>trygher<\/strong> = victor<br \/>\n<strong>tryghi<\/strong> = to conquer, vanquish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trech<\/strong> = victorious, victory<br \/>\n<strong>trechy, trechiff<\/strong> = to conquer, prevail, overcome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trec&#8217;h<\/strong> [bri\u02d0] = superior, victorious, victory<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;hadeg<\/strong> = triumph<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;hadenn<\/strong> = success<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;hedigezh<\/strong> = defeat<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;her<\/strong> = winner<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;hin, trec&#8217;hi\u00f1<\/strong> = to conquer, prevail, overcome<br \/>\n<strong>trec&#8217;hus<\/strong> = victorious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)treg-<\/em> (to be stiff, rigid, strong) or <em>*treg-<\/em> (strength). Words from the same roots include <strong>\u00fer\u00f3ttur<\/strong> (strength, vigour, energy) in Icelandic, and <strong>idrott<\/strong> (sport, physical education) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/tr%C3%A9n#Old_Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for strength and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *br\u012bgos = strength *br\u012bga = power, worth Gaulish *br\u012bgos = strength Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) br\u00edg [b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263 \/ b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263\u02b2] = force, power, value, virtue, strength, vigour, vitality br\u00edgach = powerful, mighty, strong br\u00edgmar = powerful Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) br\u00edg, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,16,101,17,26,19,20,44,25,115,65,21,83,3,36,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,42,11,12,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-albanian","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-celtiberian","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-greek-","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-primitive-irish","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4658"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8176,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658\/revisions\/8176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}