{"id":4658,"date":"2019-10-09T21:32:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-09T20:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4658"},"modified":"2024-05-13T16:46:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T15:46:37","slug":"strength","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/10\/09\/strength\/","title":{"rendered":"Strength"},"content":{"rendered":"

Words for strength<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n

\"Strength\"<\/p>\n

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*brīgos<\/strong> = strength
\n*brīga<\/strong> = power, worth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\n*brīgos<\/strong> = strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\nbríg<\/strong> [bʲrʲiːɣ \/ bʲrʲiːɣʲ] = force, power, value, virtue, strength, vigour, vitality
\nbrígach<\/strong> = powerful, mighty, strong
\nbrígmar<\/strong> = powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nbríg, brigh<\/strong> = power, strength, force, authority, vigour, virtue, might, value, worth, advantage, meaning
\nbrígach<\/strong> = powerful, mighty, forceful
\nbrígda<\/strong> = strong, vigorous
\nbrígmar<\/strong> = powerful, strong, vigorous, lively, efficacious
\nbrígrad<\/strong> = power, force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nbrí<\/strong> [brʲiː] = strength, vigour; force, significance; influence, merit
\nbríoch<\/strong> = strong, vigorous, efficacious
\nbríochmar<\/strong> = strong, viorous
\nbríochtach<\/strong> = strong, vigorous person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\nbrìgh<\/strong> [brʲiː] = essence, gist, matter, pith, purport, substance; meaning, sense, significance; point (of an argument); energy, force
\nbrìghealachd<\/strong> [brʲiː.əLəxg] = substance, juiciness, pithiness, significance (in mathematics)
\nbrìgheil<\/strong> [brʲiː.al] = meaningful, significant
\nbrìoghmhor<\/strong> [brʲiː(v)ər] = meaningful, energetic, substantial, pithy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nbree<\/strong> = power, energy, stamina, vigour, virtue, initiative, validity, animation, inwardness, glow, exhalation, drift, essence, gist, effect
\nbreeagh<\/strong> = inspiring, vigorous
\nbreeoil<\/strong> = dynamic, energetic, essential, impulsive, valid, vibrant, vigorous, active, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*briɣ<\/strong> = honour, dignity (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\nbri<\/strong> = honour, dignity, reputation, fame<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\nbri<\/strong> [briː] = honour, dignity, reputation, fame, prestige, esteem, power, authority, importance, value, popularity
\nbriaeth<\/strong> = honour, dignity
\nbriol<\/strong> = honourable, reverent, dignified<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\nbry<\/strong> = account, value, worth, price<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\nbri<\/strong> = distinction, esteem, importance, relevance, reputation, value, prominence
\nfowt bri<\/strong> = insignificance
\nheb bri<\/strong> = irelevant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\nbri<\/strong> = importance, weight, authority<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\nbry<\/strong> = respect, consideration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nbri<\/strong> [briː] = dignity, honour, respect, consideration
\nbrient<\/strong> = privilege, prerogative
\nbrientek<\/strong> [bri.ˈɛn.tek] = privileged
\nbrientin<\/strong> = = privileged, aristocrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: possibly the Proto-Indo-European *bʰrḗǵʰ-o-s<\/em>, from *bʰerǵʰ-<\/em> (to rise, ascend, to be elevated, up high). Words from the same roots, via Gaulish, include brio<\/strong> (vigour, vivacity) in English, briu<\/strong> (energy, push, courage) in Catalan, brio<\/strong> (vivacity, liveliness) in Italian, brío<\/strong> (vigour, mettle, zeal) in Spanish, and brio<\/strong> (brilliance, panache) in French [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words from the same PIE roots include barrow<\/strong>, burrow<\/strong>, bury<\/strong>, effort<\/strong>, force<\/strong> and fort<\/strong> in English, and brenin<\/strong> (king), bwrw<\/strong> (to hit, strike, cast) in Welsh [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*nertom<\/strong> = strength, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Celtiberian<\/th>\nNerto-<\/strong> = strength (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\nNerto-<\/strong> = strength (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\nnert<\/strong> [n͈ʲer͈t] = power, strength
\nnertaid<\/strong> [ˈn͈ʲer͈tɨðʲ] = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nnert, nnert, nirt<\/strong> = strength, might, power, ability, significance
\nnertaid<\/strong> = to strengthen, confirm, exhort, urge
\nnertaigid<\/strong> = to strengthen, confirm, encourage, grow strong, side with support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nneart<\/strong> [nʲaɾˠt̪ˠ \/ n̠ʲæɾˠt̪ˠ] = strength, force, power, ability, plenty
\nneartaigh<\/strong> = to strengthen
\nneartaitheach<\/strong> = strengthening, reinforcing
\nneartaitheoir<\/strong> = strengthener, abettor
\nneartmhaire<\/strong> = vigorousness, strength
\nneartmhar<\/strong> = strong, vigorous, powerful
\nneartú<\/strong> = strengthening, reinforcement, support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\nneart<\/strong> [̪nʲɛRʃd] = might, strength, force, energy, power, (alcoholic) proof, majority, most
\nneartachadh<\/strong> [n̪ʲɛRʃdəxəɣ] = strengthening, building up, making strong
\nneartaich<\/strong> strengthen, build up, make strong
\nneartaiche<\/strong> = strengthener, emphasiser
\nneartail<\/strong> = mighty, powerful, emphatic, forcible
\nneartmhor<\/strong> = mighty, powerful, emphatic, forcible
\nneartmhorachd<\/strong> = robustness, vigour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nniart<\/strong> = strength, power, force
\nniartaght<\/strong> = strength
\nniartal<\/strong> = cogent, forcible, mighty, potent, powerful, strong
\nniarteyder<\/strong> = strengthener<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*nerθ<\/strong> [nɛrθ] = strenght, force, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\nnerthi<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\nnerth, nyrth<\/strong> = force, strength, power, might
\nnerthawc, nerthawg, nerthog<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful
\nnerthawl, nerthol<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful
\nnerthu<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify
\nnerthyd, nerthwr<\/strong> = fortifier, supporter, helper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\nnerth<\/strong> [nɛrθ] = force, strength, power, might, energy, vigour, hardness
\nnerthedig<\/strong> = strong, strengthened
\nnerthog<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful, potent
\nnerthol<\/strong> = strong, mighty, powerful, potent
\nnerthu<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify, aid, help, exhort, urge
\nnerthwr, nerthydd<\/strong> = fortifier, supporter, helper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\nnerth<\/strong> = might, power, strength, force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\nnerth<\/strong> [nɛrθ] = energy, force, might, power, strength
\nnertha<\/strong> = to strengthen
\nnerthek<\/strong> = energetic, powerful, robust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\nnerth<\/strong> = force, energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\nnerz, nerh<\/strong> = force, energy
\nnerzus, nerhus<\/strong> = vigorous, robust, energetic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nnerzh<\/strong> [nɛrs] = force, energy
\nnerzhan nerzhañ<\/strong> [ˈnɛrzan \/ ˈnɛrzã] = to strengthen, reinforce
\nnerzhder<\/strong> = vigueur
\nnerzhek<\/strong> = drastic
\nnerzhekaat<\/strong> = to give energy
\nnerzhelour<\/strong> = dynamic
\nnerzhus<\/strong> = vigorous
\nnerzhusaat<\/strong> = to strengthen oneself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: possibly the Proto-Indo-European *h₂ner-to-<\/em> (virile, strong), from *h₂nḗr-<\/em> (man, vital, energy). Words from the same roots include njer<\/strong> (man, human, person) in Albanian, άντρας<\/strong> [ˈandras] (man, husband) in Greek, noras<\/strong> (wish, desire, will, intention) in Lithuanian, nêr<\/strong> (lord, chief) in Welsh, and the name Nero<\/strong> [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\nláitir<\/strong> = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nláitir, laitir<\/strong> [ˈl͈aːdʲərʲ] = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nláidir<\/strong> [ˈl̪ˠɑːdʲəɾʲ \/ ˈl̪ˠaːdʲəɾʲ] = strong, powerful, durable, tough, solid, forcible, loud
\nláidreacht<\/strong> = strength
\nláidrigh<\/strong> = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\nlàidir<\/strong> [l̪aːdʲɪrʲ] = strong, potent, emphatic, robust, substantial
\nlàidireachd<\/strong> = strength
\nlàidireach<\/strong> = strong, potent, emphatic
\nlàidrich<\/strong> = make strong, strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nlajer<\/strong> = strong, potent, vigorous, hard, heavy, powerful, stark
\nlajeragh<\/strong> = to strengthen, strengthening
\nlajerid<\/strong> = potency, powerfulness, strength, vigour
\nlajerys<\/strong> = cogency, force, might, prowess, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\ncadrán<\/strong> = hardness, stubborness, obstinacy
\ncadránta<\/strong> = hard, unfeeling, stubborn, obstinate
\ncadrántacht<\/strong> = hardness, stubborness, obstinacy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*kadarn<\/strong> = strong, powerful, mighty (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ncadarn, kadarn, katarnn<\/strong> = strong, powerful, mighty
\ncadarnhau, kadarnaha<\/strong> = to strengthen, secure, fortify, safeguard
\nkedernyt, kedernit, cedernyt<\/strong> = strength, power, potency, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ncadarn<\/strong> [ˈka(ː)darn] = strong, powerful, mighty, firm, fast
\ncadarnhad<\/strong> = confirmation
\ncadarnhau<\/strong> = to strengthen, secure, fortify, safeguard
\ncadernid<\/strong> = strength, power, potency, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\ncadarn<\/strong> = strong, stout, valiant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic *katus<\/em> (battle), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus<\/em> (battle), from *keh₃-<\/em> (to fight). Words from the same roots include Hader<\/strong> (dispute, quarrel) and hadern<\/strong> (to quarrel, bicker, struggle) in German, and words for battle<\/a> in Celtic languages [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*kriɸmos<\/strong> = strong (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*krɨβ̃<\/strong> = strong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ncryf, kryf<\/strong> = strong, powerful, vigorous
\ncryfder<\/strong> = strength, power, might<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ncryf<\/strong> [krɨːv \/ kriːv] = strong, powerful, vigorous, intoxicating, tough, rich, fruitful, intense
\ncryfder<\/strong> = strength, power, might
\ncryfhau<\/strong> = to strengthen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cornish<\/th>\ncrif<\/strong> = strong, mighty, vigorous, hardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\ncref, crŷf, crif, crev<\/strong> = strong, mighty, vigorous, hardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\nkrev<\/strong> = forceful, powerful, robust, strong, substantial
\nkrevder<\/strong> = intensity, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\ncref, creff<\/strong> = strong, powerful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nkreñv<\/strong> [ˈkrẽ(w)] = strong, solid
\nkreñvaat<\/strong> [krẽˈfɑːt] = to strengthen, reinforce
\nkreñvder<\/strong> [ˈkrẽ(w)dɛr] = strength, power, might
\nkreñvlec’h<\/strong> = stronghold, fortress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic *kriɸ-<\/em> (body) from Proto-Indo-European *krep-<\/em> (body). Words for body<\/a> in Celtic and other languages come from the same roots [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*trexsnos<\/strong> = strong
\n*trexsos<\/strong> = stronger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\nTrexius<\/strong>, Trexa<\/strong>, Trenus<\/strong> = personal names<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Primitive Irish<\/th>\nᚈᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚂᚒᚌᚑᚄ (ttrenalugos), ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚌᚒᚄᚒ (trenagusu) = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\ntrén<\/strong> [tʲrʲeːn] = strong
\ntreise<\/strong> = power, strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\ntrén<\/strong> = strong, powerful, strong man
\ntreise<\/strong> = strength, vigour, power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\ntréan<\/strong> = strong man, warrior, champion, strength, power, intensity, plenty, abundance
\ntréaniarracht<\/strong> = strong, forcible, attempt
\ntreise<\/strong> = strength, power, dominance, force, emphasis
\ntreisigh<\/strong> = to strengthen, reinforce, fortify
\ntreisiúil<\/strong> = strong, forceful, vigorous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\ntrèine<\/strong> [treːnə] = might, power
\ntreise<\/strong> [treʃə] = strength, vigour
\ntreun<\/strong> [treːn] = champion, hero, brave, strong, sturdy
\ntreunar<\/strong> [treːnər] = strong man, champion, hero; very brave, heroic
\ntreunas<\/strong> = might, power
\ntreuntachd<\/strong> = boldness, courage
\ntreuntas<\/strong> = strength, power, magnanimity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\ntrean<\/strong> = brave, firm, heroic, intensive, mighty, stout, valiant
\ntreanid<\/strong> = braveness, exploit, feat heroics, might, strength, valour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*trex<\/strong> = stronger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ntrech<\/strong> = stronger, mightier, greater, superior, better<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ntrech<\/strong> [treːχ] = stronger, mightier, greater, superior, better
\ntrechedd<\/strong> = supremacy, dominance
\ntrechu<\/strong> = to defeat, overcome, overpower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\ntrygh<\/strong> = conquest, victory, superior, triumphant, victorious
\ntrygher<\/strong> = victor
\ntryghi<\/strong> = to conquer, vanquish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\ntrech<\/strong> = victorious, victory
\ntrechy, trechiff<\/strong> = to conquer, prevail, overcome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\ntrec’h<\/strong> [briː] = superior, victorious, victory
\ntrec’hadeg<\/strong> = triumph
\ntrec’hadenn<\/strong> = success
\ntrec’hedigezh<\/strong> = defeat
\ntrec’her<\/strong> = winner
\ntrec’hin, trec’hiñ<\/strong> = to conquer, prevail, overcome
\ntrec’hus<\/strong> = victorious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: the Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-<\/em> (to be stiff, rigid, strong) or *treg-<\/em> (strength). Words from the same roots include þróttur<\/strong> (strength, vigour, energy) in Icelandic, and idrott<\/strong> (sport, physical education) in Swedish [Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a><\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a>, English – ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Unlimited<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Words for strength and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *br\u012bgos = strength *br\u012bga = power, worth Gaulish *br\u012bgos = strength Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) br\u00edg [b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263 \/ b\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0\u0263\u02b2] = force, power, value, virtue, strength, vigour, vitality br\u00edgach = powerful, mighty, strong br\u00edgmar = powerful Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) br\u00edg, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,16,101,17,26,19,20,44,25,115,65,21,83,3,36,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,42,11,12,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-albanian","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-celtiberian","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-greek-","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-primitive-irish","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4658"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8176,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4658\/revisions\/8176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}