{"id":4645,"date":"2019-09-24T18:38:06","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T17:38:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4645"},"modified":"2024-10-08T17:09:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T16:09:13","slug":"harps-and-crwths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/09\/24\/harps-and-crwths\/","title":{"rendered":"Harps and Crwths"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>harp<\/strong>, <strong>crwth<\/strong> and similar instruments, in Celtic languages:<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/36436240446\/in\/album-72157686607883225\/\" title=\"Cl\u00e0rsach class 2017\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4414\/36436240446_78a32c942a_z.jpg\" alt=\"Cl\u00e0rsach class 2017\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kruttos<\/strong> = string instrument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crott<\/strong> [krot] = harp, lute<br \/>\n<strong>cruittire<\/strong> = harper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cruit<\/strong> [k\u027e\u02e0\u026at\u02b2] = (small) harp<br \/>\n<strong>cruitire<\/strong> = harpist<br \/>\n<strong>cruitireacht<\/strong> = (act of) harping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cruit<\/strong> [kruhd\u02b2] = (small) harp, lyre<br \/>\n<strong>cruit-ch\u00f2rda<\/strong> = harpsichord<br \/>\n<strong>cruit-chi\u00f9il<\/strong> = strong instrument<br \/>\n<strong>cruit-rotha<\/strong> = hurdy-gurdy, barrel-organ<br \/>\n<strong>cruiteag<\/strong> = small harp, small lyre<br \/>\n<strong>cruitear<\/strong> = harpist, lyre-player<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cruit\u00e7h<\/strong> = (small) harp<br \/>\n<strong>cruitcheragh<\/strong> = harpist<br \/>\n<strong>cruitcheraght, kruiteryght<\/strong> = harping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kru\u03b8<\/strong> = crowd, fiddle, violin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>crud<\/strong> = crowd, fiddle, violin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crwth, croth<\/strong> = crowd, fiddle, violin<br \/>\n<strong>crythawr<\/strong> = crowder, fiddler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crwth<\/strong> [kru\u02d0\u03b8] = crwth, crowd, fiddle, violin, viol<br \/>\n<strong>crythor, crythwr<\/strong> = crowder, fiddler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crowd<\/strong> = fiddle, violin<br \/>\n<strong>crowder<\/strong> = fiddler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>krowd<\/strong> = violin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly related to the Proto-Celtic <em>*krundis<\/em> (round). [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kruttos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The crwth is also known as a crowd, cruth, crowth, crouth or rote in English. It is a kind of bowed lyre. It is particularly associated with Wales, but similar instruments were played in many parts of Europe from about the 11th century. It went out of fashion in the 18th century, but was revived in the 20th century. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crwth\">More information<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/svci-AA6ycw\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00e1irsech<\/strong> = harp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00e1irseach<\/strong> [\u02c8kl\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0283\u0259x \/ \u02c8kl\u02e0\u00e6\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u0283a(h)] = harp<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00e1irseoir<\/strong> = harpist<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00e1irseoireacht<\/strong> = (act of) playing the harp, harping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00e0rsach<\/strong> [kl\u02e0a\u02d0r\u02e0s\u0259x] = harp, clarsach<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00e0rsair<\/strong> = harper<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00e0rsaireachd<\/strong> = harp music, harping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>claasagh<\/strong> = harp<br \/>\n<strong>claaseyr<\/strong> = harpist<br \/>\n<strong>claaseyraght<\/strong> = harping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Old Irish <em>cl\u00e1r<\/em> (board, plank, table), from the Proto-Celtic <em>*kl\u0101ros \/ *kl\u0101rom<\/em> (plank, board, table), possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kleh\u2082ro-<\/em> (plank) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Middle_Irish\/cl%C3%A1irsech\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Welsh word <strong>clawr<\/strong> (cover, lid), and the Breton <strong>kleur<\/strong> (stilt peg) come from the same Proto-Celtic root [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/07\/17\/tables\/\">more details<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teill\u00e9n<\/strong> = swarm of bees (<em>may not be related<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teilinn<\/strong> = musical instrument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tellyn<\/strong> = Welsh harp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>telyn<\/strong> = harp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>telyn<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u025bl\u0268n \/ \u02c8te\u02d0l\u026an] = harp<br \/>\n<strong>telyn(i)af, telynu<\/strong> = to play the harp<br \/>\n<strong>telynaidd<\/strong> = pertaining to the harp, like a harp, lyric (poetry)<br \/>\n<strong>telynan<\/strong> = small harp, cithern, gittern, minstrel<br \/>\n<strong>telyngord<\/strong> = harpischord<br \/>\n<strong>telyn(i)wr, telynores, telynydd<\/strong> = harper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>telein<\/strong> = harp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>telein<\/strong> = harp<br \/>\n<strong>teleinior<\/strong> = harper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>telyn<\/strong> = harp<br \/>\n<strong>telynnya<\/strong> = to play the harp<br \/>\n<strong>telynnyer, telynynores<\/strong> = harpist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>telenn<\/strong> = harp<br \/>\n<strong>telennour<\/strong> = harpist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain, possibly related to <strong>seilleann<\/strong> (bee) in Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/etymologicaldict00macbuoft\/page\/362\/mode\/2up\">source<\/a>] <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/etymologicaldict00macbuoft\/page\/n9\/mode\/2up\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for harp, crwth and similar instruments, in Celtic languages: Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *kruttos = string instrument Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) crott [krot] = harp, lute cruittire = harper Irish (Gaeilge) cruit [k\u027e\u02e0\u026at\u02b2] = (small) harp cruitire = harpist cruitireacht = (act of) harping Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) cruit [kruhd\u02b2] = (small) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21,3,22,27,10,12,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4645"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8504,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4645\/revisions\/8504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}