{"id":4566,"date":"2019-08-21T17:29:31","date_gmt":"2019-08-21T16:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4566"},"modified":"2024-11-23T13:43:27","modified_gmt":"2024-11-23T13:43:27","slug":"oaks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/08\/21\/oaks\/","title":{"rendered":"Oak (trees)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>oak<\/strong> (tree) and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/29295553520\/in\/album-72157674334257923\" title=\"Here be trees!\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8751\/29295553520_5048e97877_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Here be trees!\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*daru<\/strong> [d&#810;&#736;a&#638;&#690;] = oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Dervo<\/strong> = <em>used in placenames<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dair<\/strong> [d&#810;&#736;a&#638;&#690;] = oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dair, daur<\/strong> = an oak, the letter D in the Ogham alphabet (&#5767;)<br>\n<strong>dairbre, dairbhre<\/strong> = an oak, oakling, a grove of oak grees, an oak wood<br>\n<strong>dairde, daurde<\/strong> = oaken<br>\n<strong>dair-&#7711;id, dauruth<\/strong> = an oak wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dair<\/strong> [d&#810;&#736;a&#638;&#690;] = oak, the letter D in the Ogham alphabet (&#5767;)<br>\n<strong>dairbhre<\/strong> = oaks, oak-grove<br>\n<strong>daireach<\/strong> = planted with \/ full of oaks<br>\n<strong>doire<\/strong> [&#712;d&#810;&#736;&#603;&#638;&#690;&#601;] = oak-wood; wood, grove, thicket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dair<\/strong> [dar&#690;] = oak (<em>archaic<\/em>), the letter D, &#5787;&#5767;&#5788; in Ogham<br>\n<strong>dairbhre<\/strong> = oak, nursery or grove of oaks<br>\n<strong>darach<\/strong> [dar&#601;x] = oak, oaken, made of oak; ship (<em>poetic<\/em>)<br>\n<strong>darag<\/strong> [darag] = small\/dwarf oak, stunted\/branchy tree (which is not useable for working)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>darragh<\/strong> = oak, oaken, oak grove, oak wood<br>\n<strong>darrag<\/strong> = oak, beam, cast (fishing), snood, hairline<br>\n<strong>darree<\/strong> = oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*dar<\/strong> [&#712;dar] = oak tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dar, d&acirc;r<\/strong> = oak<br>\n<strong>derwd(y)<\/strong> = oak house, oratory, prayer house, coffin<br>\n<strong>derwin, deruin<\/strong> = make of oak, oaken, abounding in oaks, strong, robust, oak timber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d&acirc;r<\/strong> [&#712;da&#720;r] = oak tree, foremost warrior, leader, mighty lord<br>\n<strong>derw<\/strong> = oak trees<br>\n<strong>derwen<\/strong> [&#712;d&#603;rw&#603;n] = oak tree<br>\n<strong>derwin<\/strong> = make of oak, oaken, abounding in oaks, strong, robust, oak timber<br>\n<strong>der(w)lwyn<\/strong> = oak grove, oak wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>dar<\/strong> = oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dar<\/strong> = an oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dar<\/strong> [da&#720;r \/ d&aelig;&#720;r] = oak<br>\n<strong>derwen<\/strong> = oak tree<br>\n<strong>derw<\/strong> = oak trees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>daeru<\/strong> = oaks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>deru<\/strong> = oaks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dar<\/strong> [d&#593;&#720;r] = oak<br>\n<strong>derv<\/strong> [&#712;d&#603;rw\/&#712;d&#603;&#720;.ro] = oaks<br>\n<strong>dervenneg<\/strong> = with oak trees<br>\n<strong>dervoed<\/strong> [d&#603;&#641;w&#601;t] = oak grove, oak wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*d&oacute;ru<\/em> (tree) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/daru\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root possibly include <strong>l&agrave;rix<\/strong> (larch) in Catalan, <strong>lariks<\/strong> (larch) in Dutch <strong>learag<\/strong> (larch) in Scottish Gaelic,  <strong>larch<\/strong> in English,  <strong>L&auml;rche<\/strong> (larch) in German, and  <strong>l&aelig;rk<\/strong> (larch) in Danish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/larix#Latin\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>&delta;&#972;&rho;&upsilon;<\/strong> (d&oacute;ry &ndash; spear) in Greek, <strong>derv&agrave;<\/strong> (tar, resin) in Lithuanian <strong>terva<\/strong> (tar) in Finnish, <strong>dearbh<\/strong> (sure, certain) in Irish, <strong>tree<\/strong>, <strong>trim<\/strong>, and <strong>trough<\/strong>, <strong>true<\/strong> in English, and  <strong>tr&auml;<\/strong> (wood) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/d%C3%B3ru\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tannos<\/strong> = green oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tannos<\/strong> = oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tinne<\/strong> = holly, elder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tinne<\/strong> = holly, elder, the letter t in the Ogham alphabet (&#5768;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tinne<\/strong> = the letter t in the Ogham alphabet (&#5768;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teine\/tinne<\/strong> [t&#690;en&#601;] = gorse, whin, furze (<em>archaic<\/em>), the letter t (&#5768;) in Ogham<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taneru, tener(i)o<\/strong> = to tan (hide)<br>\n<strong>tanerdy<\/strong> = tannery<br>\n<strong>tanerwr<\/strong> = tanner (of hides)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>tannen<\/strong> = oak (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonnen<\/strong> = bark<br>\n<strong>glastanen, glastennen, glastan<\/strong> = (scarlet) oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glastanen gelyn<\/strong> = holly\/holm oak<br>\n<strong>glastanen gork<\/strong> = cork oak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glastann(enn)<\/strong> = holm oak(s)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tann<\/strong> [t&#257;n&#720;] = sessile oaks<br>\n<strong>tanna&ntilde;<\/strong> = to tan<br>\n<strong>glastann<\/strong> = holm oaks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: the Welsh words were borrowed from English <strong>tanner<\/strong>, which ultimately comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*tannos<\/em>, via French, Latin and Gaulish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic <em>*(s)tannos<\/em>, the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)d&#688;nwos\/*(s)d&#688;onu<\/em> (fir). Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish and Latin <em>tannum<\/em> (oak bark), include <strong>tan<\/strong> (pulped oak bark used in the tanning process of leather) in French, <strong>tano<\/strong> (stem, slip) in Galician, <strong>taner&iacute;a<\/strong> (tannery), <strong>Tannenbaum<\/strong> (fir tree, Christmas tree) in German, <strong>&theta;&#940;&mu;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;<\/strong> (th&aacute;mnos &ndash; bush) in Greek, and <strong>tan<\/strong>, <strong>tannery<\/strong>, <strong>tannin<\/strong> (tannic acid) in English. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>than&euml;<\/strong> (cranberry bush) in Albanian, and <strong>&#2343;&#2344;&#2369;<\/strong> (dhanu &ndash; bow) in Sanskrit. [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tannos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &ndash; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau \/ Edition Skol Vreizh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for oak (tree) and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *daru [d\u032a\u02e0a\u027e\u02b2] = oak Gaulish Dervo = used in placenames Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) dair [d\u032a\u02e0a\u027e\u02b2] = oak Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) dair, daur = an oak, the letter D in the Ogham alphabet (\u1687) dairbre, dairbhre = an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,66,16,101,26,63,81,19,20,129,44,24,25,61,115,21,3,36,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,156,8,9,10,11,12,13,124,23,64,72,43,18,14],"tags":[52,46,51,48,56,47,53,49,154,147,55,155,50],"class_list":["post-4566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-albanian","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-german","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-ogham-","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-sanskrit-","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-trees","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celitc","tag-cornish","tag-gaelic","tag-gaulish","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-oak","tag-omniglot","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-tree","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4566"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8573,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4566\/revisions\/8573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}