{"id":4545,"date":"2019-07-31T12:11:26","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T11:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4545"},"modified":"2025-02-23T18:39:07","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T18:39:07","slug":"fields-meadows-and-pastures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/07\/31\/fields-meadows-and-pastures\/","title":{"rendered":"Fields, Meadows and Pastures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are a number of words for <strong>fields<\/strong>, <strong>meadows<\/strong> and <strong>pastures<\/strong> in Celtic languages. Some appear only or mainly in placenames. Here&#8217;s a selection:<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/46833541874\/in\/photolist-TtfmbG-QvL3w5-24QUjxV-2fnNpZS-2fstrET-2emw9kU-2fnNpa5-NMue8M-2addMDz-2addPBT-2a8Tsks-Lsd7aF-27skEiC-27skxXw-297GNLq-N5JYC1-Lsd59g-N5JW7u-2addBfP-29HzNZU\" title=\"Roman Camp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7927\/46833541874_ce33c46e54_z.jpg\" alt=\"Roman Camp\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>achad<\/strong> = expanse of ground; pasture, field; field of battle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>achad<\/strong> = expanse of ground; pasture, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>achadh<\/strong> [\u02c8ax\u0259\/\u02c8axu\u02d0] = field (<em>archaic, used mainly in placenames<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>achadh<\/strong> [ax\u0259\u0263] = field, plain, meadow; cornfield newly cut or ready for reaping<br \/>\n<strong>achadh-fe\u00f2ir<\/strong> = hayfield<br \/>\n<strong>achadh-guail<\/strong> = coalfield<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0n-achadh<\/strong> = fallow field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown, possibly related to the Latin <em>acnua<\/em> (a measure or piece of land, 120 feet square)  [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/mb00.html#MB.A\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gortos<\/strong> = fence, enclosure, pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gort<\/strong> = field, orchard, crop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gort<\/strong> = field (arable or pasture land), field of battle, land, territory, standing corn<br \/>\n<strong>guirtine<\/strong> = a little garden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gort<\/strong> [\u0261\u0254\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0] = (cultivated) field, orchard, (standing) crop<br \/>\n<strong>gortbhriseadh<\/strong> = tilling a field, tillage<br \/>\n<strong>gortghlan<\/strong> = to clear (a field) of weeds, to weed out<br \/>\n<strong>gortghlanadh<\/strong> = clearance (of a field), weeding<br \/>\n<strong>gortghlant\u00f3ir<\/strong> = weeder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gort<\/strong> [g\u0254r\u02e0\u0283d] = standing corn; enclosure; small field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gor\u03b8<\/strong> = field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>garth<\/strong> = field, close, enclosure, fold, pen, yard; fort<br \/>\n<strong>garthan<\/strong> = entrenchment, encampment, camp, stronghold, field of battle<br \/>\n<strong>gartheiniad<\/strong> = camp defender<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gorth<\/strong> = field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>orz<\/strong> = field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>garz<\/strong> = field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5\u02b0ort\u00f3s<\/em> (enclosure, hedge) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5%CA%B0%C3%B3rtos\">source<\/a>], which is also the root of words <strong>yard<\/strong> and <strong>garden<\/strong> in English, via the Proto-Germanic <em>*gardaz<\/em> (enclosure, court, yard, garden) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/gardaz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>macha<\/strong> = milking-yard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>macha, machad<\/strong> = an enclosure for milking cows, a milking-yard or field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>machaire<\/strong> = plain; stretch of level ground, links, course; field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>machair<\/strong> [max\u026ar\u02b2] = extensive low-lying fertile plain, level country; extensive beach; ow and level part of a farm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>magher<\/strong> = field, fertile land, campaign, chase, machar, sphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Latin <em>m\u0101c\u0115ria<\/em> (wall, enclosure) [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/mb25.html#MB.M\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rowesy\u0101-<\/strong> = field, open ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f3e<\/strong> [r\u0348o\u02d0i\u032f] = battle-field, level piece of ground, fight, battle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f3e, roe<\/strong> = a level piece of grand, a battle field, battle, a rout, fight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00e9<\/strong> [r\u02e0e\u02d0] = stretch of ground, level ground, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raon<\/strong> [r\u02e0\u026f\u02d0n] = field, (piece of) ground; plain; zone, area; field (of expertise); ambit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rheam<\/strong> = gamut, range, field, monarchy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>runt<\/strong> = mound<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>run<\/strong> = mound, hill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*Hrew(H)os<\/em> (open space, field). The English words <strong>rustic<\/strong> and <strong>rural<\/strong> come from the same root, via Latin [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/rowesy%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kagyom<\/strong> = pen, enclosure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>cagi\u00edun \/ *kagyom<\/strong> = enclosure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cai<\/strong> = field, orchard, crop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>c\u00e9<\/strong> [k\u02b2e\u02d0] = quay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cidhe<\/strong> [k\u02b2i.\u0259] = quay<br \/>\n<strong>cidhe-t\u00ecreachaidh<\/strong> = wharf<br \/>\n<strong>cidhe-bathair<\/strong> = goods wharf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>keiy<\/strong> = jetty, quay(side), wharf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ka\u0268<\/strong> = animal pen, enclosure, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kay \/ kae<\/strong> = field, enclosure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cae<\/strong> [ka\u02d0\u0268\u032f \/ kai\u032f] = hedge, hedgerow, fence; field, enclosure; circle, sphere; barrier, obstruction<br \/>\n<strong>caead<\/strong> = lid, cover, shutter, flap, shell, case, enclosure, case, wall, fence, hedge, field, buckle, clasp, fastener, valve<br \/>\n<strong>caeadu<\/strong> = to bind, cover (a book), stop, close<br \/>\n<strong>cei<\/strong> [kei\u032f] = quay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ke<\/strong> = hedge, fence<br \/>\n<strong>kay<\/strong> = quay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>cai<\/strong> = hedge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>quae<\/strong> = hedge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kae<\/strong> [k\u025b\u02d0] = hedge, quay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kag\u02b0y\u00f3m<\/em> (enclosure, hedge) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/kag%CA%B0y%C3%B3m\">source<\/a>], which is also the root English words <strong>quay<\/strong> and <strong>hedge<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/hagj%C5%8D\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx words for quay come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Anglo-Norman <em>kay, cail<\/em> (quay, wharf) and Gaulish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/c%C3%A9#Etymology_3\">source<\/a>]. The Welsh and Cornish words for quay also come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Middle English, Old French and Gaulish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cei#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*kagyom<\/em> and Latin <em>caium<\/em> (storehouse, shop, workshop, quay, wharf) include <strong>quai<\/strong> (quay, wharf, platform) in French, <strong>quay<\/strong> in English, <strong>\u043a\u0435\u0439<\/strong> (kej &#8211; quay, pier, wharf, jetty) in Bulgarian, and <strong>cais<\/strong> (quay, pier, wharf, platform) in Portuguese [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/caium#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*magos<\/strong> = plain, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*magos<\/strong> = field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mag<\/strong> [ma\u0263] = plain, field<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e1rmag, \u00e1rbach, \u00e1rmach<\/strong> = field of slaughter, battlefield<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mag, maig<\/strong> = plain, open stretch of land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>m\u00e1<\/strong> [m\u02e0\u0251\u02d0 \/ m\u02e0\u00e6\u02d0] = plain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>magh<\/strong> [m\u0264\u0263] = level country, plain<br \/>\n<strong>Magh Meala<\/strong> = Land of (Milk and) Honey (<em>in mythology<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>Magh Meall<\/strong> = elysium<br \/>\n<strong>magh na b\u00e0ire<\/strong> = the plain of battle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>magh<\/strong> = plain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mais, maes, meys<\/strong> = open country, plain, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maes<\/strong> [ma\u02d0\u0268\u032fs \/ mai\u032fs] = open country, level land, plain; field; battle, victory, supremacy; out, away, off, outside, out of doors<br \/>\n<strong>maesol<\/strong> = rural, agrarian<br \/>\n<strong>maestref<\/strong> = suburb, country town, village, hamlet<br \/>\n<strong>maestrefol<\/strong> = suburban<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maes, mes, meas, meys<\/strong> = open country, plain, field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mes<\/strong> = open country<br \/>\n<strong>mestrev<\/strong> = suburb<br \/>\n<strong>mesya<\/strong> = to field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>maes<\/strong> = countryside, outside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maez<\/strong> = countryside, open field, outside, wide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*me\u01f5h-<\/em> (great) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/magos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*klowni<\/strong> = meadow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00faain<\/strong> = meadow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00faain, cl\u00f3in<\/strong> = meadow, pasture-land, glade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cluain<\/strong> = meadow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cluain<\/strong> [kl\u032au\u0259n\u032a\u02b2] = green field, pasture, meadow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>clun<\/strong> = meadow, moor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clun<\/strong> = meadow, moor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clun<\/strong> [kl\u0268\u02d0n \/ kli\u02d0n] = meadow, moor; brake, brushwood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*klopni<\/em> (wet).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1irge<\/strong> [\u02c8a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0263\u02b2e] = a place for milking cows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1irge, arigi, airge<\/strong> = a place for milking cows, byre, cowshed, herd of cattle<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e1irgech<\/strong> = having numerous herds, herdsman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1ir\u00ed<\/strong> = milking-place, herd (of cows), ground manured in previous year; ground from which potatoes have been cropped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e0irigh<\/strong> [ar\u02b2\u026a] = hill pasture, bothy, sheiling, pastoral summer residence<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0irigheach<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u026aj\u0259x] = bounding in hill pastures. bothies or shielings<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0irigheachd<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u026aj\u0259xg] = transhumance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eairee<\/strong> = hill pasture, shieling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Old Irish <em>\u00e1rach<\/em>, from <em>ad\u00b7rig<\/em> (to tie, bind). The Faorese word <strong>\u00e6rgi<\/strong> [\u02c8a\u0279t\u0361\u0283\u026a] (a pasture for cattle to graze over the summer with a hut where the people tending them live meanwhile; a shieling, saeter) also come from the same roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%C3%A1irge#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are a number of words for fields, meadows and pastures in Celtic languages. Some appear only or mainly in placenames. Here&#8217;s a selection: Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) achad = expanse of ground; pasture, field; field of battle Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) achad = expanse of ground; pasture, field Irish [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,132,26,19,20,103,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,8,10,93,11,12,67,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-bulgarian-","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-faroese-foroyskt-mal","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4545"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8688,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions\/8688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}