{"id":4481,"date":"2019-07-05T17:24:01","date_gmt":"2019-07-05T16:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4481"},"modified":"2022-07-04T11:55:12","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T10:55:12","slug":"languages-and-tongues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/07\/05\/languages-and-tongues\/","title":{"rendered":"Languages and Tongues"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today we’re looking at the words for language<\/strong> and tongue<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*tangʷāss, tangʷāt<\/strong> = tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\ntengae<\/strong> [ˈtʲeŋɡe] = tongue, language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nteanga<\/strong> [ˈtʲaŋə \/ ˈtʲaŋɡə] = tongue, language
\nteangach<\/strong> = tongued, lingual, wordy, loquacious
\nteangachruthach<\/strong> = tongue-shaped, linguiform
\nteangaigh<\/strong> = to tongue (in music)
\nteangaire<\/strong> = interpreter
\nteangeolaí<\/strong> = linguist, expert in linguistics
\nteangeolaíocht<\/strong> = linguistics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\nteanga<\/strong> [tʲɛŋgə] = tongue, speech, spit (of land<\/em>)
\nteangan<\/strong> = tongue
\nteangaidh<\/strong> = tongue, speech
\nteangach<\/strong> = abounding in tongues, loquacious, langued (in hearldry<\/em>)
\nteangair<\/strong> = linguist, interpreter, orator, philologist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nçhengey<\/strong> [ˈtʃɛnʲə] = bell-clapper, clasp, feather, strap-hinge; catch (of buckle<\/em>); tongue; language, speech; utterance
\nçhengeyr çhyndaader<\/strong> = interpreter
\nçhengeyder<\/strong> = linguist
\nçhengoaylleeaght<\/strong> = linguistics
\nçhengey ny mayrey<\/strong> = mother tongue
\ndaa-hengagh<\/strong> = bilingual
\nyl-çhengagh<\/strong> = polyglot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brytonic<\/th>\n*tau̯āt, *tavọd<\/strong> = tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Welsh<\/th>\ntauawt<\/strong> = tongue, language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ntauaut<\/strong> = tongue, language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ntafod<\/strong> [ˈtavɔd \/ ˈtaːvɔd] = tongue, faculty of speech, power of expression; language, speech, dialect, accent
\ntafod aur<\/strong> = pleasant or witty talk, eloquence (“gold tongue”)
\ntafod bach<\/strong> = uvula
\ntafod cloch<\/strong> = clapper (of bell)
\ntafodiaeth<\/strong> = language, vernacular or native language, dialect, pronunciation, articulation, verbal expression
\ntafodi<\/strong> = to scold, rebuke, chide, berate, cheek, abuse (verbally), tongue (in music)
\ntafodiad<\/strong> = a scolding or berating, pronunciation
\ntafodwr<\/strong> = speaker, talker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cornish<\/th>\ntauot<\/strong> = language, tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish<\/th>\ntawes<\/strong> = language, tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\ntaves<\/strong> = language, tongue
\ntavosa<\/strong> = to scold, tell off
\ntavosek<\/strong> = talkative, verbose
\ntavoseth<\/strong> = idiom, jargon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton<\/th>\ntavod<\/strong> = tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton<\/th>\nteaut, teut<\/strong> = tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nteod<\/strong> [ˈtɛwt] = tongue
\nteodel<\/strong> = oral
\nteodek<\/strong> = talkative, gossipy
\nteodyezh<\/strong> = speech, dialect, way of speaking
\nteodyezhañ<\/strong> = to speak
\nteodyezher<\/strong> = speaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s<\/em> (tongue) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words from the same PIE root include: tongue<\/strong> and language<\/strong> in English, lingua<\/strong> (tongue, language) in Italian, язик<\/strong> [jɐˈzɪk] (tongue) in Ukrainian, and jazyk<\/strong> (tongue, language) in Czech and Slovak [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*yaxtī<\/strong> = language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nicht<\/strong> = race, people, tribe; province, district<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*jeiθ, *i̯ekti<\/strong> = tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\nieith, yeith<\/strong> = language, nation, race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\niaith<\/strong> [jai̯θ] = language, tongue; people, nation, race, tribe
\nieithiadur<\/strong> = grammar
\nieithio<\/strong> = to pronounce, proclaim, express
\nieithog<\/strong> = having language or several languages, multilingual, polyglot
\nieithydd<\/strong> = one who has thorough knowledge or command of a language or languages, linguist, grammarian, philologist, interpreter, speark, poet
\nieithyddiaeth<\/strong> = linguistics, philology, grammar
\nieithgi<\/strong> = one who is interested in the study of language (rather than of literature), philologist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\nyeth<\/strong> [eːθ \/ jeːθ] = tongue, language
\nyeth le-usys<\/strong> = minority language
\nyethador<\/strong> = grammar
\nyethel<\/strong> = linguistic
\nyethonieth<\/strong> = linguistics
\nyethor, yethores<\/strong> = linguist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton<\/th>\nyez<\/strong> = language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nyezh<\/strong> [ˈjeːs] = language
\nyezhadur<\/strong> = grammar
\nyezhadurel<\/strong> = grammatical
\nyezhel<\/strong> = linguistic
\nyezher<\/strong> = speaker
\nunyezher<\/strong> = unilingual
\ndivyezher<\/strong> = bilingual
\nliesyezher<\/strong> = polyglot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European *yek-<\/em> (to utter). It is uncertain if the Middle Irish word icht<\/em> is cognate with the Brythonic words [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words from the same PIE root include: joke<\/strong> and Yule<\/strong> in English, jul<\/strong> (Yule, Christmas) in Danish and Norwegian, juego<\/strong> (play, game, sport) in Spanish, and joc<\/strong> (game, play, dance) in Romanian [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Old Irish (Goídelc)<\/th>\nbélrae<\/strong> [ˈbʲeːl͈re] = language, speech
\nbélrae Féne<\/strong> = legal language
\nbélrae na filed<\/strong> = acrane vocabulary, poetic language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nbérla(e)<\/strong> = speech, language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nbéarla<\/strong> = speech (archaic<\/em>)
\nbéarlachas<\/strong> = Anglicism
\nbéarlagair<\/strong> = jargon
\nbéarlamhail<\/strong> = having command of language, fluent (archaic<\/em>)
\nBéarla<\/strong> [ˈbʲeːɾˠl̪ˠə] = English (language)
\nBéarlóir<\/strong> = English speaker
\nBéarlóireacht<\/strong> = (act of) speaking English<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)<\/th>\nBeurla<\/strong> [bjɤːr̪ˠl̪ˠə] = English (language)
\nBeurlachas<\/strong> = Anglicism
\nBeurla Leathann<\/strong> = Broad Scots<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nBaarle<\/strong> [bɛːᵈl] = English (language)
\nBaarlagh<\/strong> = of or pertaining to the English language
\nBaarlaghys<\/strong> = Anglicism
\nBaarleyr<\/strong> = English-speaker, anglophone
\nBaarle Albinagh<\/strong> = Scots, Lallans
\nBaarle Ghaelagh, Baarle Vanninagh<\/strong> = Anglo-Manx (language)
\nBaarle Heenagh<\/strong> = pidgin
\nBaarle chiart<\/strong> = the Queen’s English<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Old Irish bél<\/em> (mouth) and -ra<\/em> (collective suffix<\/em>) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, In Dúil Bélrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a>, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, Geriafurch<\/a>, English – ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"The<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today we’re looking at the words for language and tongue and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *tang\u02b7\u0101ss, tang\u02b7\u0101t = tongue Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) tengae [\u02c8t\u02b2e\u014b\u0261e] = tongue, language Irish (Gaeilge) teanga [\u02c8t\u02b2a\u014b\u0259 \/ \u02c8t\u02b2a\u014b\u0261\u0259] = tongue, language teangach = tongued, lingual, wordy, loquacious teangachruthach = tongue-shaped, linguiform teangaigh = to tongue (in music) teangaire […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,75,19,20,21,83,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,10,40,41,11,12,13,23,107,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-parts-of-the-body","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-ukrainian-","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4481"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6693,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions\/6693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}