{"id":4342,"date":"2019-05-05T13:22:26","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T12:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4342"},"modified":"2024-03-02T14:49:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-02T14:49:25","slug":"streams-and-currents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/05\/05\/streams-and-currents\/","title":{"rendered":"Streams and Currents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>stream<\/strong>,<strong> current<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/25133496803\/in\/photolist-EhXJXM-2btDCUo-VPxeTj-R2dUeu-QFaeFw-LvdDhC-EML93G\" title=\"Cwm Idwal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1597\/25133496803_66aea72643_z.jpg\" alt=\"Cwm Idwal\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*srutom<\/strong> = stream, river; flow, current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>srut(u)a<\/strong> = torrent, stream, watercourse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sruth<\/strong> [sru&theta;] = stream, river, current; strait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sruth<\/strong> = stream, river, current, torrent, strait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sruth<\/strong> [s&#736;&#638;&#736;&#650;(h)] = stream, current, flow<br>\n<strong>sruthach<\/strong> = streaming, flowing, full of streams<br>\n<strong>sruthaigh<\/strong> = to stream, flow<br>\n<strong>sruthaire<\/strong> = stroller, vagabond, unbidden guest<br>\n<strong>sruthaireacht<\/strong> = (act of) roaming, vagabondage, (act of) scrounging<br>\n<strong>sruth&aacute;n<\/strong> = (small) stream, rivulet, brook, gush, flow<br>\n<strong>sruth&aacute;nach<\/strong> = abounding in streams, streaming<br>\n<strong>sruthl&aacute;n<\/strong> = streamlet, rill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sruth<\/strong> [sdruh] = stream, current<br>\n<strong>sruthlag<\/strong> [sdrul&#810;&#736;ag] = runnel, streamlet<br>\n<strong>sruthan<\/strong> [sdruhdan] = long stream of words, long-winded talk<br>\n<strong>sruthach<\/strong> [sruh&#601;&#611;] = flowing, streaming, flow<br>\n<strong>sruthan<\/strong> [sdruhan] = brook, streamlet<br>\n<strong>sruthadair<\/strong> [sdruh&#601;d&#618;r&#690;] = streamer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stroo<\/strong> [stru&#720;] = current, stream, race, watercourse, tide-race, tidal flow<br>\n<strong>strooan<\/strong> = brook, creek, river, rivulet, stream, waterway<br>\n<strong>strooaney<\/strong> = flowing, streamed<br>\n<strong>strooanagh<\/strong> = full of streams, streaming<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*frud<\/strong> = stream, river; flow, current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>frut, ffrwt, ffryt<\/strong> = swift stream, torrent, flood, current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ffrwd<\/strong> [fru&#720;d] = swift stream, torrent, flood, current<br>\n<strong>ffrwdel<\/strong> = leaves and branches piled together in a flooded river<br>\n<strong>ffrwd f&acirc;l, ffrwd y felin<\/strong> = mill-stream<br>\n<strong>ffryd(i)af, ffrydio, ffrydu<\/strong> = to flow, stream, gush, purl, shed<br>\n<strong>ffrydiedig<\/strong> = flowing, shed<br>\n<strong>ffrydiog<\/strong> = streaming, flowing<br>\n<strong>ffrydiol<\/strong> = flowing, streaming, gushing, fluid<br>\n<strong>ffrydiolrwydd<\/strong> = fluidity<br>\n<strong>ffrydlif, ffrwdlif<\/strong> = stream, streaming flood, torrent, current, tide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>frot<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>frot<\/strong> = strait, channel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fros<\/strong> = current, flow<br>\n<strong>fros tredan<\/strong> = electric current<br>\n<strong>frosa<\/strong> = to flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>frud, frut<\/strong> =  torrent, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>froud<\/strong> =  torrent, stream\/td&gt;<br>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>froud<\/strong> [fru&#720;t] = torrent, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*srew-<\/em> (to flow, stream). Words from the same PIE root include <strong>rheum<\/strong>, <strong>rhythm<\/strong> and <strong>stream<\/strong> in English, and <strong>Strom<\/strong> (large river, stream, current) in German  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/srew-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nantos \/ nantus<\/strong> = stream, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nant<\/strong> [&#712;nant] = stream, river, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nanto<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> [&#712;nant] = river, stream, brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> [&#712;nant] = river, stream, brook, rivulet; torrent, ditch, valley, glen, dale; ravine, gorge<br>\n<strong>nentig, nennig<\/strong> = small stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>nans<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nans<\/strong> [nans \/ n&aelig;nz] = dale, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant, ant<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>(n)ant<\/strong> [(n)&atilde;nt] = valley with watercourses (<em>archaic, used in place names<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Celtic <em>*nemetom<\/em> (sacred place, sanctuary), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*nem-<\/em> (to give, take, distribute) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Nanterre#French\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The Francoproven&ccedil;al word <strong>nant<\/strong> (stream) comes from the same Proto-Celtic roots  [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/nant#Francoproven%C3%A7al\">source<\/a>], as does the French place name <strong>Nanterre<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/nantos\">source<\/a>], the Irish word <strong>neimheadh<\/strong> (sanctuary, privilege of rank, holy thing), and the Breton word <strong>neved \/ ne&ntilde;ved<\/strong> (sanctuary) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/neimheadh#Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>numb<\/strong>, <strong>number<\/strong> in English. <strong>nemen<\/strong> (to take, grasp, grab) in Dutch, <strong>nehmen<\/strong> (to take, hold, grasp) in German, <strong>nimh<\/strong> (poison, venom) in Irish and Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/nem-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fobhar<\/strong> = well, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guuer, gouer, gofer<\/strong> = stream<br>\n<strong>gouerei, goferu, goveru<\/strong> = to derive, emanate, gush, stream, run, cause to flow, pour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gofer<\/strong> = overflow of a well, stream, effluence, duct, stream, brook, rill, rivulet<br>\n<strong>goferaf, goferu<\/strong> = to derive, emanate, gush, stream, run, cause to flow, pour<br>\n<strong>goferllyd<\/strong> = oozy, marshy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>guuer<\/strong> = brook, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gover<\/strong> = brook, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gover<\/strong> = brook, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gouher<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gouuer, gouer, gouvea<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gou(v)er<\/strong> [&#712;&#609;u&#720;(v)&#603;r] = stream, streamlet<br>\n<strong>gouverian, gouveria&ntilde;<\/strong> = to irrigate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown  [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/gouer#Breton\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*w&#275;t&#257;, *w&#275;tt&#257;<\/strong> = swamp, stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f&eacute;ith<\/strong> [f&#690;e&#720;&theta;&#690;] = vein, sinew, kidney<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f&eacute;ith, feith<\/strong> = kidney, fibre, sinew, vein, artery, vessel<br>\n<strong>f&eacute;ithech<\/strong> = sinewy, veined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f&eacute;ith<\/strong> [f&#690;e&#720;(h)] = sinew, muscle, vein, soft seam in bogland, vine<br>\n<strong>f&eacute;itheach<\/strong> = sinewy, muscular, veined, ribbed, swampy<br>\n<strong>f&eacute;itheog<\/strong> = (small) sinew, muscle, vein<br>\n<strong>f&eacute;itheogach<\/strong> = sinewy, muscular, brawny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f&egrave;ith<\/strong> [feh] = muscle, sinew, vein, stagnant channel in a bog (often overgrown with moss and dry in summer)<br>\n<strong>f&egrave;ith-dh&igrave;reach<\/strong> = gullet, oesophagus<br>\n<strong>f&egrave;ith-l&ugrave;thaidh<\/strong> = sinew, tendon<br>\n<strong>f&egrave;itheach<\/strong> [f&#603;&#720;.&#601;x] = muscled, muscly, sinewy, veiny<br>\n<strong>f&egrave;itheag<\/strong> [f&#603;&#720;.ag] = small muscle, sinew or vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>feh<\/strong> = nerve, sinew, tendon<br>\n<strong>fehagh<\/strong> = sinewy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guyth, gwyth, g&#7933;yth<\/strong> = vein, sinew, nerve, stream<br>\n<strong>g&uacute;ith&eacute;n, gwythen<\/strong> = vein, blood-vessel, artery, muscle<br>\n<strong>gwythiennawc, gwythennoc<\/strong> = veined, full of veins, venous, striated<\/td>\n\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>g&#373;yth<\/strong> [&#609;u&#720;&#616;&#815;&theta;\/&#609;&#650;i&#815;&theta;] = vein, sinew, nerve, stream, brook, ditch, gutter, drain, channel, firth, estuary<br>\n<strong>gwythennus<\/strong> = full of veins, veined, veiny<br>\n<strong>gwyth&iuml;en, gwythen<\/strong> = vein, blood-vessel, artery, muscle, siney, (harp) string<br>\n<strong>gwyth(i)ennog<\/strong> = veined, full of veins, venous, striated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>guid<\/strong> = channel, pipeline, vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwyth, goth<\/strong> = channel, pipeline, vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gooth<\/strong> = channel, pipeline, vein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>goed, guoeth<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>goazz, goaz, gouaz<\/strong> = stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwazh<\/strong> [&#609;wa&#720;s] = stream, canal, channel, washhouse, marshy meadow<br>\n<strong>gwazheg<\/strong> = watered, marshy<br>\n<strong>gwazhell<\/strong> = watered land<br>\n<strong>gwazhenn<\/strong> = vein<br>\n<strong>gwazhian, gwazhia&ntilde;<\/strong> = to dig a stream, to make a bed, to water<br>\n<strong>gwazhiennek<\/strong> = veined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*weyh&#8321;-<\/em> (to whither), which is also the root of <strong>v&yacute;sti<\/strong> (whither) in Lithuanian, and <strong>vissna<\/strong> (to wilt, whither) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/f%C3%A9ith\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for stream, current and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *srutom = stream, river; flow, current Gaulish srut(u)a = torrent, stream, watercourse Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) sruth [sru\u03b8] = stream, river, current; strait Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) sruth = stream, river, current, torrent, strait Irish (Gaeilge) sruth [s\u02e0\u027e\u02e0\u028a(h)] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,44,25,61,21,3,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,11,12,13,23,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4342"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8003,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4342\/revisions\/8003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}