{"id":4335,"date":"2019-05-01T16:17:19","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T15:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4335"},"modified":"2024-03-22T15:59:34","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T15:59:34","slug":"roads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/05\/01\/roads\/","title":{"rendered":"Roads"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>roads<\/strong> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/3667858466\/in\/album-72157620527789487\/\" title=\"Bilingual sign\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2443\/3667858466_bd66ce2c3d_z.jpg\" alt=\"Bilingual sign\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bow-itros<\/strong> = road (&#8220;cow path&#8221;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3thar<\/strong> = road, lane, track<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3thar, b\u00e1thar, bothor, bothar<\/strong> = track, road<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f3thar<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02e0o\u02d0h\u0259\u027e\u02e0 \/ \u02c8b\u02e0o\u02d0\u027e\u02e0 \/ \u02c8b\u02e0\u0254h\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = road, way, manner<br \/>\n<strong>taobh-bh\u00f3thar<\/strong> = side-road<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3thar m\u00f3r<\/strong> = main road<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3thar iarainn<\/strong> = railroad, railway<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3thar trasna<\/strong> = cross-road<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3ithreoir<\/strong> = road-walker, traveller, vagrant<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3ithreoireacht<\/strong> = (act of) walking, travelling the road, vagrancy<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00f3ithr\u00edn<\/strong> = country lane, boreen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f2thar<\/strong> [bo\u02d0.\u0259r] = alley, lane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bayr<\/strong> = lane, (country) road, roadway, pad, drive, avenue, thoroughfare<br \/>\n<strong>beyr<\/strong> = lane<br \/>\n<strong>bayr mooar<\/strong> = highroad<br \/>\n<strong>bayr gleashtanagh<\/strong> = motorway<br \/>\n<strong>bayr fo-halloo<\/strong> = subway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beu der, benedyr<\/strong> = cattle track<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beudr<\/strong> = cattle track<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>bouder<\/strong> = lane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bounder<\/strong> = feeding ground, pasture, common, lane<br \/>\n<strong>bounder tre<\/strong> = village<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bownder<\/strong> [&#8216;b\u0254\u028and\u025br \/ &#8216;b\u0254\u028and\u0250r] = farm lane, lane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic <em>*b\u0101us<\/em> (cow) and <em>*itos<\/em> (path [?]), from PIE <em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> (cattle) and <em>*h\u2081it\u00f3s<\/em> (passable) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/b%C3%B3thar\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f3t<\/strong> [r\u0348o\u02d0d] = road, highway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f3t<\/strong> = road, highway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f3d<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0o\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u027e\u02e0\u0254\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0] = road, roadstead, route, anchorage, mooring<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f3da\u00ed<\/strong> wayfarerm rover, road guide<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f3da\u00edocht<\/strong> = wayfaring, travelling, wandering from house to house tale-bearing, riding at anchor<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f3d\u00e1n<\/strong> = little road, path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rathad<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0a.ad] = road, way, route, path, track<br \/>\n<strong>rathad-iarainn<\/strong> = road, way, route<br \/>\n<strong>rathad goirid<\/strong> = shortcut<br \/>\n<strong>rathad-m\u00f2r<\/strong> = highway, major road, highroad<br \/>\n<strong>rathadach<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0a.\u0259d\u0259x] = pertaining to or abounding in roads, ingenious, capable, go-ahead, enterprising<br \/>\n<strong>rathad-beag<\/strong> = minor road<br \/>\n<strong>rathad aon-slighe<\/strong> = one-way road<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raad<\/strong> [re\u02d0d\u032a \/ ra\u02d0d\u032a] = road, track, route, direction, roadway, trail, way; vent, vent-hole<br \/>\n<strong>raad elley<\/strong> = elsewhere<br \/>\n<strong>raad ennagh<\/strong> = somewhere<br \/>\n<strong>raad erbee<\/strong> = any place, anywhere<br \/>\n<strong>raad mooar<\/strong> = highway, main road, major road<br \/>\n<strong>raad shaghnee<\/strong> = by-pass<br \/>\n<strong>raad ushtey<\/strong> = waterway<br \/>\n<strong>raad yiarn<\/strong> = railway (line)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhawd<\/strong> = course, way, path, journey, career, period<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rout<\/strong> = route, trace, itinerary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>roud<\/strong> = route, trace, itinerary<br \/>\n<strong>roudenn<\/strong> = line, ray, stripe<br \/>\n<strong>rouder<\/strong> = road<br \/>\n<strong>roudoureg<\/strong> = to ford (a river)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Middle English <em>rode<\/em> (riding, ride, voyage), from Old English <em>r\u0101d<\/em> (riding, hostile incursion), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*raidu<\/em> (riding, ride), from Proto-Germanic <em>*raid\u014d<\/em> (a ride), from PIE <em>*reyd\u02b0-<\/em> (to ride). Words from the same roots include <strong>road<\/strong> and <strong>raid<\/strong> in English.<\/p>\n<p>Alternatively, the Goidelic words come from Old Irish <em>rout<\/em>, from <em>ro-\u1e61\u00e9t<\/em>, from <em>ro-<\/em> (very, great) and <em>s\u00e9t<\/em> (path), from Proto-Celtic <em>*\u03c6ro-sentu-<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/r%C3%B3t#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>for\u00e1s<\/strong> = growth, increase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>for\u00e1s, foras<\/strong> = growth, increase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>for\u00e1s<\/strong> = growth, development, progess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>foraimh<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0a.ad] = journey, excessiveness (<em>archaic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>foras<\/strong> [f\u0254r\u0259s] = growth, increase, (river) ford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>for\u00f0<\/strong> [for\u00f0] = road, path, way, mannerh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ford, fort, fordh, forth<\/strong> = road, way, street, path<br \/>\n<strong>yforthaul, ffordawl<\/strong> = traveller wayfarer, passer-by<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ffordd<\/strong> = road, way, street, path, passage, course, route, journey<br \/>\n<strong>fforddiadol<\/strong> = acquianted with the road<br \/>\n<strong>ffordd(i)af, fforddi(o)<\/strong> = to make a way, instruct, direct, guide, travel<br \/>\n<strong>fforddol(yn)<\/strong> = traveller wayfarer, passer-by, road-mender<br \/>\n<strong>fforddolaf, fforddoli<\/strong> = to journey, traverse, guide, direct, train<br \/>\n<strong>fforddoliaeth<\/strong> = direction, instruction<br \/>\n<strong>ffordd(i)wr<\/strong> = guide, instructor, wayfarer<br \/>\n<strong>cyffordd<\/strong> = junction<br \/>\n<strong>croesffordd<\/strong> = crossroads<br \/>\n<strong>rheilffordd<\/strong> = railway\\<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>ford<\/strong> = way, road, manner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fordh, ford<\/strong> = way, road, passage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fordh<\/strong> [f\u0254r\u00f0] = way, road, manner<br \/>\n<strong>fordh a-dro<\/strong> = roundabout<br \/>\n<strong>fordh dhall<\/strong> = cul-de-sac, dead end<br \/>\n<strong>fordh dhibarth<\/strong> = junction<br \/>\n<strong>fordh veur<\/strong> = highway<br \/>\n<strong>fordh dremen<\/strong= bypass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>forzh<\/strong> = vagina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Old English <em>ford<\/em> (ford) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/for%C3%B0\">source<\/a>], from the Proto-West Germanic <em>*furdu<\/em> (ford), from Proto-Germanic <em>*furduz<\/em> (ford), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pr\u0325t\u00e9w-\/*p\u00e9rtus<\/em> (crossing) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/furduz\">source<\/a>]. Words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/05\/23\/fords\/\">ford<\/a> in the Brythonic languages come from the same PIE root.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for roads in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *bow-itros = road (&#8220;cow path&#8221;) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) b\u00f3thar = road, lane, track Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) b\u00f3thar, b\u00e1thar, bothor, bothar = track, road Irish (Gaeilge) b\u00f3thar [\u02c8b\u02e0o\u02d0h\u0259\u027e\u02e0 \/ \u02c8b\u02e0o\u02d0\u027e\u02e0 \/ \u02c8b\u02e0\u0254h\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = road, way, manner taobh-bh\u00f3thar = side-road b\u00f3thar m\u00f3r = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,22,7,27,9,71,10,40,11,12,67,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4335"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8034,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4335\/revisions\/8034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}