{"id":4320,"date":"2019-04-23T13:34:52","date_gmt":"2019-04-23T12:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4320"},"modified":"2024-07-27T12:58:12","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T11:58:12","slug":"land-parishes-enclosures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/04\/23\/land-parishes-enclosures\/","title":{"rendered":"Land, Parishes &#038; Enclosures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>land<\/strong>, <strong>parish<\/strong>, <strong>enclosure<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/96747463@N05\/25222122987\/in\/photolist-EqMYrr-2meFPBn-2ockFoL-2hxUAvn-2jDBiH8-24uYQPv-2kYzK63-qbT4pJ-2izhdCH-2jZz1dL-25S5QTi-2h84evz-24c2o8z-Ph9RVb-cbXeVC-2kvf6ac-2iWttUL-2nrL2kj-2n35h4h-2n8HD7s-2kt3YwY-2j181kK-6robLB-CLebkP-4PrXoe-24Las8e-swnbvV-2o7hiA1-2mvLp7r-2neFHDL-2mAA9dJ-2mo5fvt-2mpYEsf-VSm1Su-Dx61ra-2jkmnKD-xAiJwT-2k9iC9r-2n8f17D-dYyfKz-24QC5CJ-2kR4k4N-uUkr8Y-2m7dM5j-9hWLMq-ooHtbf-qzPDZN-2aedxLi-2mh4APj-2nnqrbV\" title=\"Llangwyfan church Eglwys Llangwyfan\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4745\/25222122987_2510406051_z.jpg\" alt=\"Llangwyfan church Eglwys Llangwyfan\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*land&#257;<\/strong> = (open) land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>landa<\/strong> = land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>land, lann<\/strong> = building, house, land, plot, plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>land, lann<\/strong> = building, house, land, plot, plate<br>\n<strong>&iacute;arlann<\/strong> = pantry<br>\n<strong>ithlann, ithla<\/strong> = threshing floor, barn, granary, storehouse; garden, orchard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> = land, ground, plot, house, building (especially a church)<br>\n<strong>bialann<\/strong> = canteen, restaurant<br>\n<strong>leabharlann<\/strong> = library<br>\n<strong>longlann<\/strong> = dockyard<br>\n<strong>r&eacute;adlann<\/strong> = observatory<br>\n<strong>saotharlann<\/strong> = laboratory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> [l&#810;&#736;aun&#810;&#736; ~ l&#810;&#736;an&#810;&#736;&#601;n] = enclosure, enclosed area, precinct; repository; house, church<br>\n<strong>amharc-lann<\/strong> = observatory<br>\n<strong>biadh-lann<\/strong> = canteen, dinning hall, refectory<br>\n<strong>broc-lann<\/strong> = badger&rsquo;s den, sett<br>\n<strong>long-lann<\/strong> = dockyard<br>\n<strong>fasg-lann<\/strong> = shelter<br>\n<strong>lann-eaglaise<\/strong> = church precinct<br>\n<strong>leabhar-lann<\/strong> = library<br>\n<strong>obair-lann<\/strong> = laboratory<br>\n<strong>suin-lann<\/strong> = dormitory<br>\n<strong>ur-lann<\/strong> = esplanade, green<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> = enclosure, habitation<br>\n<strong>lhonglann<\/strong> = dockyard<br>\n<strong>lioarlann<\/strong> = library<br>\n<strong>seyrlann<\/strong> = laboratory<br>\n<strong>reayrtlann<\/strong> = observatory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llann<\/strong> [&#712;l&#840;an&#720;] = land, area, plot, sacred place, churchyard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l&aacute;nn,  lann, lan, llann<\/strong> = land<br>\n<strong>lannerch, llanerch, llennyrch<\/strong> = a clearing, glade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llan<\/strong> [&#620;an] = (parish) church, monastery, heaven, churchyard<br>\n<strong>llan gadeiriol<\/strong> = cathedral<br>\n<strong>llan (y) gwyryfon<\/strong> = nunnery<br>\n<strong>llan y plwyf<\/strong> = parish chuch<br>\n<strong>llandref<\/strong> = village, small town, church village<br>\n<strong>llandy<\/strong> = parsonnage, glebe-house<br>\n<strong>llangeidwad<\/strong> = churchwarden<br>\n<strong>llanaidd<\/strong> = glade-like, open, clear; ecclesiastical, (of a) church<br>\n<strong>llannerch<\/strong> = a clearing, glade, oasis, pasture, court, empty space, patch, place, area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lan<\/strong> = a church, an inclosure, yard, church-yard<br>\n<strong>lanherch<\/strong> = glade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> [lan:] = yard<br>\n<strong>lannergh<\/strong> = glade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> = moor, heath, moorland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> = moor, heath, moorland<br>\n<strong>lanneg, lannek, lannell<\/strong> = land covered with moor<br>\n<strong>landonenn<\/strong> = swath<br>\n<strong>lann<\/strong> = monastery, church<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lann<\/strong> [&#712;l&atilde;n&#720;] = moor, heath, moorland<br>\n<strong>lanneg<\/strong> = land covered with moor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*lend&#688;-<\/em> (land, heath) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/lend%CA%B0-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish and Latin, include <strong>lande<\/strong> (moor, moorland, heath) in French, <strong>landa<\/strong> (a (sandy) plain) in Spanish, <strong>landa<\/strong> (country, field, piece of land) in Basque [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/land%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The (archaic) English word <em>laund<\/em> [l&#596;&#720;nd] (a grassy plain or pasture, especially surround by woodland; a glade) possibly comes from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Middle English, Old French and Gaulish, or from the Proto-Germanic <em>*land&#261;<\/em> (land), which comes from the same PIE root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tarwos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>land<\/strong> and <strong>lawn<\/strong> in English, <strong>land<\/strong> (land, country) in Dutch, <strong>Land<\/strong> (country, state, province, land) in German, <strong>land<\/strong> (land, country, nation, state, ground, earth) in Swedish, <strong>land<\/strong> (country, land) in Danish, <strong>lado<\/strong> (uncultivated, wild land) in Czech, and <strong>&#1083;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;<\/strong> [&#712;l&#603;dina] (untilled land) in Macedonian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/land%C4%85\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*plu&#616;&beta;<\/strong> = countryside, parish, common people, parishoners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plwyf, plwy<\/strong> = parish, parishioners, people<br>\n<strong>plwyvog<\/strong> = parishioner, parochial<br>\n<strong>plwyfol<\/strong> = parochial, lawfully settled in a parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plwy(f)<\/strong> [plu&#720;&#616;&#815;(v) \/ pl&#650;i&#815;(v)] = parish, poor relief, parishioners, people<br>\n<strong>plwyfo<\/strong> = to settle in a parish<br>\n<strong>plwyfog<\/strong> = parishioner, parochial<br>\n<strong>plwyfol<\/strong> = parochial, lawfully settled in a parish<br>\n<strong>plwyfoldeb<\/strong> = parochialism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>plui<\/strong> = parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plew, plui, plu<\/strong> = parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pluw<\/strong> = parish<br>\n<strong>pluwek<\/strong> = parishioner (m), parochial<br>\n<strong>pluwoges<\/strong> = parishioner (f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pluiu, plueu, ploeu, ploi, ploe<\/strong> = country, countryside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ploeou, ploe, plo&eacute;<\/strong> = country, countryside<br>\n<strong>plouisyen<\/strong> = peasant, rural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ploue<\/strong> [plu&#720;e] = parish (<em>historical &ndash; appears in placenames<\/em>), countryside (<em>literary<\/em>)<br>\n<strong>plouead<\/strong> = country, earthy<br>\n<strong>plouezad<\/strong> = peasant, rural<br>\n<strong>plouk<\/strong> [plu&#720;k] = yokel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>pl&#275;b(&#275;)s<\/em> (common people, plebians), from Old Latin <em>pl&#275;b&#275;s<\/em>, from Proto-Italic <em>*pl&#275;&eth;w&#275;s<\/em> Proto-Indo-European <em>*pl&#805;h&#8321;d&#688;w&#7703;h&#8321;s ~ *pl&#805;h&#8321;d&#688;uh&#8321;&eacute;s<\/em>, from <em>*pleh&#8321;-<\/em> (fill) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/plu%C9%A8%CE%B2\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The French word <strong>plouc<\/strong> [pluk] (hick, country bumpkin, yokel) was borrowed from Breton <strong>plouk<\/strong> in the late 19th century [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/plouc#French\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Other words from the same roots include  <strong>fill<\/strong>, <strong>folk<\/strong>, <strong>pleb<\/strong> (a commoner, a common, unsophisticated, cultureless person), <strong>plenty<\/strong>, <strong>plural<\/strong>, <strong>plus<\/strong> and <strong>public<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/pleh%E2%82%81-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>parr&aacute;iste<\/strong> = parish<br>\n<strong>pairche<\/strong> = parish, diocese<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>par&oacute;iste<\/strong> [&#712;p&#736;a&#638;&#736;&aelig;&#643;t&#690;&#601;] = parish<br>\n<strong>par&oacute;isteach<\/strong> = parishioner, presentable person, parochial<br>\n<strong>par&oacute;isteachas<\/strong> = parochialism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>parasite<\/strong> [par&#618;&#643;d&#690;&#601;] = parish<br>\n<strong>eaglais parasite<\/strong> = parish church<br>\n<strong>neach-parasite<\/strong> = parishioner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Anglo-Norman <em>paroche<\/em> (parish), from Late Latin <em>parochia<\/em> (parish), from Ancient Greek <em>&pi;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&#943;&#8113;<\/em> (paroik&iacute;&#257; &ndash; a dwelling abroad), from <em>&pi;&#940;&rho;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf;<\/em> (p&aacute;roikos &ndash; neighboring, foreigner), from <em>&pi;&alpha;&rho;&#940;<\/em> (par&aacute;, beside) + <em>&omicron;&#7990;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf;<\/em> (o&icirc;kos &ndash; house).  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/par%C3%B3iste\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sg&igrave;re<\/strong> [sgi&#720;r&#690;&#601;] = district, parish<br>\n<strong>sg&igrave;reachd<\/strong> [sg&#690;i&#720;r&#690;&#601;xg] = parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skeerey<\/strong> = parish<br>\n<strong>skeeragh<\/strong> = parochial<br>\n<strong>skylley<\/strong> = parish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Old English <em>s&#267;&#299;r<\/em> (office, district, region, shire), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*sk&#299;ru<\/em> (office, district), from PIE <em>*(s)ker-<\/em> (to cut). The English word <strong>shire<\/strong> comes from the same roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/etymologicaldict00macbuoft\/page\/314\/mode\/2up\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for land, parish, enclosure and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *land\u0101 = (open) land Gaulish landa = land Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) land, lann = building, house, land, plot, plate Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) land, lann = building, house, land, plot, plate \u00edarlann = pantry ithlann, ithla = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,100,16,26,75,63,81,19,20,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,77,37,7,27,8,9,78,10,40,11,12,67,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-basque-euskera","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-danish-dansk","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4320"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8324,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4320\/revisions\/8324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}