{"id":4297,"date":"2019-04-21T18:05:55","date_gmt":"2019-04-21T17:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4297"},"modified":"2022-08-05T18:19:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-05T17:19:32","slug":"families-and-households","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/04\/21\/families-and-households\/","title":{"rendered":"Families and Households"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>family<\/strong>, <strong>tribe<\/strong>, <strong>household<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/amatuerphotographer\/51139613251\/in\/photolist-2kV2TkR-2ks7b1V-6jva5-28im2zT-68qfg2-gtvL61-qj5ttY-2kV41D8-858ecy-7VeL6g-7uLiRk-6zPT7D-4KJ3pX-4ujuC1-2hD8fEK-ch2Eq7-4HM9UG-5jt8GL-4YhX3a-6Cjwgb-7URmDg-54DhFf-2Ra2jY-y7rgA-6i55LG-dYQYTj-e4wzRx-5nsoQ1-f9fmra-BorJB-5fpwBe-5NW3vi-pj7aDB-54z3Ac-EJc3t-23W1uY-EJcvD-5Tp6Aa-6oYNnG-EJbNv-23W7mb-4TK4x-cQU1e-skCt-cQUkZ-diLw8-cQSZd-iCye-2VXcg-cwDQo\" title=\"Family\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/51139613251_87518020ce_z.jpg\" alt=\"Family\" width=\"640\" height=\"215\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*weny&#257;<\/strong> = family, kindred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Leptonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>&#66309;&#66308;&#66317;&#66313;&#66304;<\/strong> (venia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fine<\/strong> [&#712;f&#690;in&#690;e] = family, kin, group of people of common descent, clan, tribe, race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fine<\/strong> [&#712;f&#690;&#618;n&#690;&#601;] = family group, race, territory of a family group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fine<\/strong> [fin&#601;] = tribe, clan, kindred, phylum<br>\n<strong>ceann-fine<\/strong> = chieftain, clan chief<br>\n<strong>finneach<\/strong> = clannish, tribal, heathen<br>\n<strong>fineachas<\/strong> = clanship, kindred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>gouen(n)<\/strong> = race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gouenn<\/strong> = race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*wenh&#8321;<\/em> (to wish, seek, desire, love, win). The name of <strong>Vannes<\/strong>, a town in Brittany, comes from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Latin <em>Veneti<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/weny%C4%81\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>venom<\/strong>, <strong>Venus<\/strong>, <strong>wonder<\/strong>, <strong>wean<\/strong> and <strong>winsome<\/strong> in English, <strong>v&auml;n<\/strong> (friend) in Swedish, and <strong>gwenwyn<\/strong> (poison, venom) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/wenh%E2%82%81-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tego-slougo- \/ *tegeso-slougo-<\/strong> = family, household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teglach<\/strong> [&#712;t&#690;e&#611;lax] = family, household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teaghlach<\/strong> [&#712;t&#690;al&#736;&#601;x] = household, family, domestic establishment, household troops, retinue<br>\n<strong>teaghlachas<\/strong> = domestic economy, housekeeping, establishment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teaghlach<\/strong> [&#712;t&#690;&#612;&#720;&#619;&#810;&#736;&#601;x] = family, household<br>\n<strong>teaghlachail<\/strong> = domestic<br>\n<strong>teaghlachas<\/strong> = domesticity<br>\n<strong>teaghlach ba gr&eacute;ine<\/strong> = the solar system (<em>poetic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>thielagh<\/strong> = family, household<br>\n<strong>mooinjer thielagh<\/strong> = household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teulu, tuyly<\/strong> = family, tribe, nation, household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teulu<\/strong> = family, tribe, nation, household; retinue, retainers, entourage, host, crowd, people<br>\n<strong>teuluaeth<\/strong> = household management, housekeeping, husbandry<br>\n<strong>teuluaf, teuluo, teulua<\/strong> = to raise a family, run a household<br>\n<strong>teuluaidd<\/strong> = family, familial, household, domestic<br>\n<strong>teuluedd<\/strong> = familiarity, concord, harmony, peace<br>\n<strong>teulueiddrwydd<\/strong> = hospitality; familiarity<br>\n<strong>teulues<\/strong> = housewife<br>\n<strong>teuluol<\/strong> = family, familial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>teilu<\/strong> = family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teylu<\/strong> [&lsquo;t&#603;&#618;ly \/ &lsquo;t&#601;&#618;l&#618;&#650;] = family<br>\n<strong>hanow teylu<\/strong> = surname<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tiegezh<\/strong> = household, farm, family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*tegos<\/em> (cover, roof) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tegos\">source<\/a>] and <em>*slowg&#688;os \/ *slowgos<\/em> (entourage) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/slougos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muinter<\/strong> = community, family or household (including servants), folks, followers, attendants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>munitir<\/strong> [&#712;m&#736;i&#720;n&#800;&#690;t&#690;&#601;&#638; \/ &#712;m&#736;&#618;n&#800;&#690;t&#690;&#601;&#638;&#690;] = household, community, family; associates, adherents, followers; party, retinue; kinsfolk; folk, people<br>\n<strong>muniteartha<\/strong> = belonging to a household or community, associated, familiar, friendly, related<br>\n<strong>munitearthacht<\/strong> = friendliness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muinntir<\/strong> [m&#623;in&#810;&#690;d&#810;&#690;&#618;r&#810;&#690;] = folk, kindred, people; inhabitants<br>\n<strong>muinntireas<\/strong> = service, servitude, residency (<em>of a writer, etc<\/em>)<br>\n<strong>muinntireach<\/strong> = household servant<br>\n<strong>neach-muinntir<\/strong> = (household) servant<br>\n<strong>bean-mhuinntir<\/strong> = maidservant<br>\n<strong>muinntir taighe<\/strong> = the household, members of the household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mooinjer<\/strong> = family, people, tribe, relations, inhabitants, kin, servants, folk, entourage, farmhand<br>\n<strong>mooinjerey<\/strong> = domestic<br>\n<strong>dooinney mooinjerey<\/strong> = cousin, kinsman, kinsfolk, relation<br>\n<strong>mooinjereys<\/strong> = blood relationship, connection, domestic servce, kinship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic <em>*moniter&#257;<\/em>, from <em>*monis<\/em> (protection, patronage), or possibly from the Latin <em>monast&#275;rium<\/em> (monastry,cell) [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/mb27.html\">source<\/a>], from the Ancient Greek <em>&mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&#942;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&nu;<\/em> (monast&#7703;rion &ndash; solitary dwelling, hermit&rsquo;s cell, monastery) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/muinter#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*luxtus<\/strong> = people, crowd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lucht<\/strong> [l&#840;uxt] = occupants, inhabitants, possessors, household<br>\n<strong>comlucht<\/strong> = accomplices, companions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lucht<\/strong> [l&#810;&#736;&#650;xt&#810;&#736; \/ l&#810;&#736;&#652;xt&#810;&#736;] = people<br>\n<strong>lucht na mboth&aacute;n<\/strong> = frequenters of neighbour&rsquo;s houses<br>\n<strong>lucht an bhurd&uacute;in<\/strong> = tale-bearers<br>\n<strong>lucht m&iacute;ghrinn<\/strong> = mischief-makers<br>\n<strong>lucht tr&eacute;achtais<\/strong> = hangers-on<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>luchd<\/strong> [l&#810;&#736;uxg] = person<br>\n<strong>neach<\/strong> [n&#810;&#690;&#603;x] = person, people (<em>plural of luchd<\/em>)<br>\n<strong>neach-d&agrave;imheachd<\/strong> = kin, relative<br>\n<strong>neach-e&ograve;lais<\/strong> = acquaintance<br>\n<strong>co-neach-d&ugrave;thcha<\/strong> = fellow compatriot \/ countryman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lught<\/strong> = people, folk<br>\n<strong>lught eaishtagh<\/strong> = listener, audience, house<br>\n<strong>lught thie<\/strong> = family, household, household members<br>\n<strong>colught<\/strong> = body of people, company, firm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>luidt, luith<\/strong> = tribe, lineage, family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>luith, llwyth<\/strong> = family, tribe, nation, household<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llwyth<\/strong> [&#712;&#620;u&#720;&#616;&#815;&theta; \/ &#712;&#620;&#650;i&#815;&theta;] = tribe, people<br>\n<strong>tylwyth<\/strong> = immediate family, household (&ldquo;house tribe&rdquo;)<br>\n<strong>Tylwyth Teg<\/strong> = fair folk (elves, fairies)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>leid, luyte<\/strong> = tribe, family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>looth<\/strong> = tribe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>loit<\/strong> = household, farm, family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leizh<\/strong> = tribe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown &ndash; possibly from a non-Proto-Indo-European substrate language [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/luxtus\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tout&#257;<\/strong> [&#712;tow.ta&#720;] = people, tribe, tribal land<br>\n<strong>*toutyos<\/strong> [&#712;tow.tjos] = tribesman, tribal citizen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>touta, teuta<\/strong> = people, tribe, tribal land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t&uacute;ath<\/strong> [tu&#720;a&#815;&theta;] = tribe, laity, people, tribal territory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tuath<\/strong> [t&#810;&#736;u&#601;] = people tribe, country, territory<br>\n<strong>tuath&aacute;nach<\/strong> = countryman, rustic, peasant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tuath<\/strong> [&#712;t&#690;&#612;&#720;&#619;&#810;&#736;&#601;x] = family, household<br>\n<strong>tuathanach<\/strong> = domestic<br>\n<strong>teaghlachas<\/strong> = domesticity<br>\n<strong>teaghlach na gr&eacute;ine<\/strong> = the solar system (<em>poetic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>theay<\/strong> = citizens, common people, general public. laity, peasantry, public, populace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tut, tud<\/strong> = people, tribe, nation, family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tud<\/strong> = people, tribe, nation, family, country, territory, district, region, kingdom, land, earth<br>\n<strong>tudlen<\/strong> = map (of the world)<br>\n<strong>tudliw<\/strong> = ochre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tus<\/strong> = a nation, people, men<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tus<\/strong> = men, people, persons<br>\n<strong>tus henavek<\/strong> = elderly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tud<\/strong> = people, parents, relatives, characters<br>\n<strong>tud-kozh<\/strong> = grand-parents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*tewt&eacute;h&#8322;<\/em> (people, tribe) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tout%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>Dutch<\/strong> in English, <strong>Deutsch<\/strong> (German) in German, <strong>todo<\/strong> (all, every, each, everything) in Spanish, <strong>&thorn;j&oacute;&eth;<\/strong> (a people, a nation) in Icelandic, [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/tewt%C3%A9h%E2%82%82\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The name <strong>Tudor<\/strong> was borrowed from the Welsh name <strong>Tudur<\/strong>, from the Old Welsh name <em>Tutir<\/em>, from the Proto-Brythonic name <em>*T&#649;d&uuml;r<\/em>, from the Proto-Celtic name  <em>*Toutor&#299;xs<\/em>, from <em>*tout&#257;<\/em> (people, tribe) and <em>*r&#299;xs<\/em> (king) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/Toutor%C4%ABxs\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for family, tribe, household and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *weny\u0101 = family, kindred Leptonic \ud800\udf05\ud800\udf04\ud800\udf0d\ud800\udf09\ud800\udf00 (venia) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) fine [\u02c8f\u02b2in\u02b2e] = family, kin, group of people of common descent, clan, tribe, race Irish (Gaeilge) fine [\u02c8f\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\u0259] = family group, race, territory of a family group Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) fine [fin\u0259] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,16,26,19,20,108,21,3,36,22,27,9,10,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-greek","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-family","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4297"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6750,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4297\/revisions\/6750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}