{"id":4252,"date":"2019-04-09T13:22:54","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T12:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4252"},"modified":"2024-01-20T21:30:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T21:30:25","slug":"lord-ruler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/04\/09\/lord-ruler\/","title":{"rendered":"Lord, Ruler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>lord<\/strong>, <strong>master<\/strong>, <strong>ruler<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/archeon\/3677704888\/in\/photolist-6AZcwY-DaTbbj-CEB8PV-ZMrgxn-dYMC4C-DtJwma-SVTyuC-CEuhVA-2f53BRB-2dFchXg-D4vnaT-2jEj6m2-qNRmcK-212Hgq8-7gLJPn-DrAbQL-DaTahW-5hhTas-C8XHe-9Ckue8-CEB8De-cLkvyo-DtKkBx-2f53CdP-YS2afp-8Y6PRv-cLkfSJ-9Ua6oy-9U7hzX-9Ua6UN-9Ua6YC-98cqxA-cLkf3G-49cCno-Ey8P8o-bQPGHc-8FZYqq-Ra4wFG-bBV1fs-bBV1jm-6Drm8d-9jjXtY-2daP5hG-2knPKWJ-JCBBPK-jGykF-6sTVo5-DtJweM-DC1ACa-7gLJzB\" title=\"lord and lady\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2512\/3677704888_ab1558b873_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" alt=\"lord and lady\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tigerno(s)<\/strong> = lord, master<br \/>\n<strong>*tigern\u0101kos<\/strong> = lordly, ruler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Tigernum<\/strong> = <em>placename<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Primitive Irish<\/th>\n<td>\u1688\u1694\u168c\u1694\u168f\u1685 (tigirn) = lord<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tigerna<\/strong> = lord<br \/>\n<strong>tigernas<\/strong> = lordship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tigerna<\/strong> = sovereignty, lord, superior, chief<br \/>\n<strong>tigernach, tigernaide, tigernamail<\/strong> = lordly<br \/>\n<strong>tigernaid<\/strong> = rules<br \/>\n<strong>tigernaigid<\/strong> = to rule, dominate<br \/>\n<strong>tigernas<\/strong> = lordship, dominion, possession, power, dominance<br \/>\n<strong>tigernatas<\/strong> = lordship, dominion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tiarna<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u02b2i\u0259\u027e\u02e0n\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = lord, master, ruler<br \/>\n<strong>tiarnaigh<\/strong> = to rule, dominate<br \/>\n<strong>tiarnas<\/strong> = lordship, rule, dominion, domain<br \/>\n<strong>tiarn\u00fail<\/strong> = lordly, masterful, overbearing, domineering, cheeky<br \/>\n<strong>tiarn\u00falacht<\/strong> = lordliness, overbearingness, domination, cheekiness<br \/>\n<strong>aintiarna<\/strong> = despotic lord, tyrant<br \/>\n<strong>aintiarnas<\/strong> = tyranny<br \/>\n<strong>bantiarna<\/strong> = lady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tighearna<\/strong> [t\u02b2i.\u0259\u027e\u02e0n\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = lord, The Lord, laird, chief, ruler, baronet, master, superior<br \/>\n<strong>tighearnach, tighearnail<\/strong> = lordly, magisterial<br \/>\n<strong>tighearnas<\/strong> = lordship, dominion, peerage<br \/>\n<strong>aintighearna<\/strong> = despot, oppressor, tyrant<br \/>\n<strong>aintighearnas<\/strong> = oppression, tyranny<br \/>\n<strong>baintighearna<\/strong> = lady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e7hiarn<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0rn] = laird, lord, peer<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7hiarnaght<\/strong> = dominion, lordship<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7hiarnys<\/strong> = domain, domination, dominion, lordship, manor, peerage<br \/>\n<strong>ben \u00e7hiarn<\/strong> = lady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*t\u0268\u0263ern<\/strong> = lord, ruler<br \/>\n<strong>*t\u0268\u0263ern\u1ecdg<\/strong> = lordly, noble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teyrn, tegyrn<\/strong> = lord, master<br \/>\n<strong>teyrneit, teyrneidd, t\u00eayrnaidd<\/strong> = monarchical, royal, kinglike, princely, majestic, dignified<br \/>\n<strong>tyrnas, ternas, teyrnas, teernas, te\u00ffnas<\/strong> = monarchy, kingdom, realm, dominion<br \/>\n<strong>tyrnasa, t\u00ebyrnasa, teyrnasa<\/strong> = to reign (over), rule, govern<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00ebyrnasaidd<\/strong> = monarchical, royal, dignified<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teyrn<\/strong> [te\u0268\u032frn \/ tei\u032frn] = monarch, sovereign, king, prince, lord, ruler, leader, dictator, tyrant, royal<br \/>\n<strong>teyrnach, teyrnachaeth<\/strong> = royal line, dynasty<br \/>\n<strong>teyrnaidd<\/strong> = monarchical, royal, kinglike, princely, majestic, dignified<br \/>\n<strong>teyrnas<\/strong> = monarchy, kingdom, realm, dominion<br \/>\n<strong>teyrnasaf, teyrnasu<\/strong> = to reign (over), rule, govern<br \/>\n<strong>teyrnasaidd<\/strong> = monarchical, royal, dignified<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cerenwec)<\/th>\n<td>mych<strong>tern<\/strong> = king<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td>mach<strong>deyrn<\/strong> = king<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tiarn, *tiern<\/strong> = lord, master<br \/>\n<strong>*tiarnoc<\/strong> = lordly, noble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ty\u00e8rn, tiern<\/strong> = prince, sovereign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tiern<\/strong> [\u02c8ti\u02d0.\u025brn] = prince, sovereign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Celtic <em>*tiger<\/em> (raid, raiding party) and <em>*-inos<\/em> (of, pertaining to). <strong>*Tigerno(s)<\/strong> may originally have meant something like \u201cthe chief of the raiding party\u201d [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/Gwor%CE%B8%C9%A8%C9%A3ern\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The name <strong>Vortigern<\/strong> from the same roots, as do versions in Welsh, <strong>Gwrtheyrn<\/strong> and Breton, <strong>Gourziern<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tigernos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>More about words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/04\/02\/king\/\">Kings and Queens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for lord, master, ruler and related words in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *tigerno(s) = lord, master *tigern\u0101kos = lordly, ruler Gaulish Tigernum = placename Primitive Irish \u1688\u1694\u168c\u1694\u168f\u1685 (tigirn) = lord Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) tigerna = lord tigernas = lordship Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) tigerna = sovereignty, lord, superior, chief [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,25,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,10,42,11,12,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-primitive-irish","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4252"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7859,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4252\/revisions\/7859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}