{"id":3921,"date":"2018-12-25T12:43:23","date_gmt":"2018-12-25T12:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3921"},"modified":"2023-09-15T20:24:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-15T19:24:49","slug":"trees-woods-forests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/12\/25\/trees-woods-forests\/","title":{"rendered":"Trees, Wood(s) &#038; Forests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>tree<\/strong>, <strong>wood<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p>There are various words for <strong>tree<\/strong> in the modern Celtic languages. In each language the usual word for tree is different and comes from different roots. Only the Cornish and Breton words are cognate. The usual words for tree are: <strong>crann<\/strong> (Irish), <strong>craobh<\/strong> (Scottish Gaelic), <strong>billey<\/strong> (Manx), <strong>coeden<\/strong> (Welsh), <strong>gwedhen<\/strong> (Cornish) and <strong>gwezenn<\/strong> (Breton).<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/29295553520\/in\/album-72157674334257923\/\" title=\"Here be trees!\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8751\/29295553520_5048e97877_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Here be trees!\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*k\u02b7resnom<\/strong> = tree, wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crann<\/strong> = tree<br \/>\n<strong>crannchor<\/strong> = casting of lots<br \/>\n<strong>crannda<\/strong> = wooden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crann, crand<\/strong> = tree, wood, timber, staff, pole, plank, beam, spearshaft, mast, steering oar, lot, destiny, fate<br \/>\n<strong>crannach, cranncha<\/strong> = trees, grove, wooded place<br \/>\n<strong>crannaige, crannaigi<\/strong> = shaft-trimmer, spearsman<br \/>\n<strong>crannaigid<\/strong> = to cast lots<br \/>\n<strong>crann\u00e1n<\/strong> = small spearshaft<br \/>\n<strong>crannchor, crannchur<\/strong> = casting of lots<br \/>\n<strong>crannda, cranda<\/strong> = wooden, made of wood, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>cranngal, crannghal<\/strong> = timber, wooden structure or object, spear (shaft)<br \/>\n<strong>crann\u00f3c, crandoc<\/strong> = wooden structure, wooden drinking-container; basket, wooden lake-dwelling<br \/>\n<strong>crannt\u00e1ball<\/strong> = sling, staff-sling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crann<\/strong> [k\u027e\u02e0aun\u032a\u02e0 \/ k\u027e\u02e0an\u032a\u02e0] = tree; mast, boom, pole; stock, handle; shaft, beam; stick<br \/>\n<strong>crannach<\/strong> = stake-fence, forest of spears, arboreal, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>crannad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = arboriculturist, tree-climber<br \/>\n<strong>crannad\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = arboriculture, tree-climbing<br \/>\n<strong>crannail<\/strong> = timbering, timbers, lattice-work, ship\u2019s masts<br \/>\n<strong>crann\u00e1n<\/strong> = wooden shaft, handle, wooden vessel, hardening stand (for bread)<br \/>\n<strong>crannchur<\/strong> = casting of lots, sweepstake, lottery<br \/>\n<strong>crannlach<\/strong> = brushwood, (withered) stalks, haulm<br \/>\n<strong>crannmhar<\/strong> = full of trees, timbered, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>crann\u00f3g<\/strong> = piece of wood, pole, wooden frame<br \/>\n<strong>crann\u00fail<\/strong> = tree-like, arborescent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crann<\/strong> [kraun\u032a\u02e0] = mast; plough; beam; lot (<em>in drawing lots<\/em>); tree (<em>archaic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>cranntair<\/strong> = wooden peg\/pin<br \/>\n<strong>crannghail<\/strong> = wooden frame<br \/>\n<strong>crannach<\/strong> = pertaining to or abounding in masts, ploughs, beams, trees etc<br \/>\n<strong>crannchur<\/strong> = destiny, lot, draw, lottery<br \/>\n<strong>crannag<\/strong> = pulpit, crannog, island dun, crosstree<br \/>\n<strong>crannlach<\/strong> = brushwood, lanky wood, dummy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>croan<\/strong> = boom, mast, flag pole<br \/>\n<strong>creenagh<\/strong> = brushwood, wither<br \/>\n<strong>crannag<\/strong> = dock, heap, desk, pulpit, rostrum, lookout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>prenne<\/strong> = big tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>prenn<\/strong> [\u02c8pren\u02d0] = wood, tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren, prenn<\/strong> = tree, bush, timber, wood<br \/>\n<strong>prenvol, prenuol, prennol<\/strong> = (wooden) box, chest, coffer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren<\/strong> [pr\u025bn] = tree, bush, shrub; timber, wood, wooden; piece of wood, wooden stick; cross, gallows, gibbet<br \/>\n<strong>prenfol<\/strong> = (wooden) box, chest, coffer, case, coffin<br \/>\n<strong>preniaf, prennaf, prenio, prennu<\/strong> = to bolt (a door), bar, shut (sb) out<br \/>\n<strong>prensaer<\/strong> = carpenter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren<\/strong> = wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren<\/strong> = tree, wood, timber, a piece of wood, a lot<br \/>\n<strong>prenic<\/strong> = wooden, woody<br \/>\n<strong>prenne<\/strong> = to fasten with a piece of wood, to bar<br \/>\n<strong>prennyer<\/strong> = pieces of wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prenn<\/strong> [pr\u025bn:] = bar, beam, log, timber, (<em>gambling<\/em>) lot , wooden<br \/>\n<strong>prenna, predna<\/strong> = to bar, lock<br \/>\n<strong>prennek<\/strong> = wooden, woody<br \/>\n<strong>prennlown<\/strong> = plywood<br \/>\n<strong>prennweyth<\/strong> = woodwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren<\/strong> = wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pren, prenn, preen<\/strong> = wood<br \/>\n<strong>prennaff, prena, prenna<\/strong> = to close, block<br \/>\n<strong>prennet<\/strong> = to lock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prenn<\/strong> = wood, piece of wood, fastner<br \/>\n<strong>prenna\u00f1<\/strong> = to close, fasten, shut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*k\u02b7res<\/em> (bush, thicket) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/k%CA%B7resnom\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>hurst<\/strong> (wood, grove &#8211; used in placenames, e.g. Lyndhurst) in English, and <strong>Horst<\/strong> (eyrie, bush, thicket, small forest) in German [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\/hursti\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cr\u00e1eb \/ cr\u00f3eb<\/strong> = tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cr\u00e1eb, craib<\/strong> = branch, bough, sprig, rod, wand, post, tree, bush<br \/>\n<strong>cr\u00e1ebach, cr\u00e6bacha<\/strong> = having branches, branchy, branches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>craobh<\/strong> = branch, bough; tree<br \/>\n<strong>craobhach<\/strong> = branches, branched, branching, flowing, spreading<br \/>\n<strong>craobhaigh<\/strong> = to branch, ramify, expand, spread<br \/>\n<strong>craobh\u00f3g<\/strong> = small branch, twig, sprig, spray, darling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>craobh<\/strong> [kr\u026f\u02d0v] = tree, bush<br \/>\n<strong>craobhaich<\/strong> = woody, wooded, full of trees, branching, spreading<br \/>\n<strong>craobhag<\/strong> [kr\u026f\u02d0vag] = small tree<br \/>\n<strong>craobhadair<\/strong> [kr\u026f\u02d0v\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = arborist, tree specialist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>crouw<\/strong> = stock, bush, dwarf tree, stick, bunch, wide spreading tree, tributary of river<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown, possibly from Proto-Celtic <em>kr\u0113tros<\/em> (sieve) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/craobh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*belyom<\/strong> = tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bilia<\/strong> [\u02c8bi.lia\u02d0] = tall tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bile<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02b2il\u02b2e] = tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bile<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02b2il\u02b2e] = (large) tree (esp. an ancient and venerated one), tree trunk, mast, scion, hero<br \/>\n<strong>bilech<\/strong> = abounding in trees, (well-)wooded<br \/>\n<strong>bile\u00f3c, bil\u00e9og<\/strong> = leaf, leaflet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bile<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u0259] = (large, sacred) tree; scion; distinguished person<br \/>\n<strong>bileog<\/strong> = leaf, letter of freedom (to marry)<br \/>\n<strong>bileogach<\/strong> = leafy, laminated<br \/>\n<strong>bili\u00fail<\/strong> = tree-like, stately<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bile<\/strong> [bil\u0259] = mast; plough; beam; lot (<em>in drawing lots<\/em>); tree (<em>archaic<\/em>); cluster of trees, sacred tree\/grove<br \/>\n<strong>bileach<\/strong> = leaf, amount of leaves, leafy tree<br \/>\n<strong>bileag<\/strong> = blade (of vegetation), board, leaf, leaflet, pamphlet, ticket, label, slip (of paper)<br \/>\n<strong>bileagach<\/strong> = lipped, billed, bladed, fringed, edged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>billey<\/strong> = tree, big bush<br \/>\n<strong>billagh<\/strong> = tree, wooded, woody<br \/>\n<strong>biljagh<\/strong> =  arboreal, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>billey<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bill, pill<\/strong> = (tree) trunk, stock, log, branch; fortress<br \/>\n<strong>billwydd<\/strong> = kindling, firewood, sticks, brushwood; joists, laths<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pill<\/strong> [p\u026a\u026c] = (tree) trunk, stock, log, branch, pole, stake, post; fortress, castle, stronghold, refuge, sanctuary, safety, strength, force; snatch of song, verse; still, crib; socket<br \/>\n<strong>pillwydd<\/strong> = kindling, firewood, sticks, brushwood; joists, laths<br \/>\n<strong>pillyn<\/strong> = peg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bilh, bill<\/strong> = a felled tree trunk, log, lumber, timber<br \/>\n<strong>bilh-koad<\/strong> = chunk of wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bill<\/strong> = trunk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0olh\u2083yo-<\/em> (leaf), from <em>*b\u02b0leh\u2083-<\/em> (blossom, flower) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bile#Irish\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish, include <strong>bille<\/strong> (tree trunk, railway sleeper, rolling pin) and <strong>billon<\/strong> (a ridge in a ploughed field) in French, <strong>bilha<\/strong> (stem, trunk) in Proven\u00e7al and possibly <strong>billa<\/strong> (spigot, faucet, stick) in Galician [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bille#Etymology_2\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>folio<\/strong> and <strong>phyllo \/ fil(l)o<\/strong> (pastry), <strong>phyllomancy<\/strong> (diviniation by leaves) in English, <strong>feuille<\/strong> (leaf, sheet) in French,  and<strong>hoja<\/strong> (leaf, petal, blade) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/folium#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*widus<\/strong> = wood, trees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fid<\/strong> = tree, wood, letter in Ogham<br \/>\n<strong>fidchell<\/strong> = a boardgame similar to chess<br \/>\n<strong>fidrad<\/strong> = trees, a wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fid<\/strong> = tree, wood, timber<br \/>\n<strong>fidach<\/strong> = wooded, abounding in trees, timber<br \/>\n<strong>fidchell<\/strong> = a boardgame similar to chess<br \/>\n<strong>fidrad<\/strong> = trees, a wood, letter (in Oghan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fiodh<\/strong> = tree, wood, timber<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhach<\/strong> = abounding in trees, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhneimheadh<\/strong> = sacred grove<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhradh<\/strong> = trees, timbers, letters (<em>literary<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>ficheall<\/strong> =  chess, chess board<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fiodh<\/strong> [fj\u0264\u0263] = wood, timber, wooden, made of wood<br \/>\n<strong>fidhcheall<\/strong> = Celtic chess<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhach<\/strong> [fj\u0264\u0263\u0259x] = shrubbery, shrubs, cheese press; wooden, ligneous, woody<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhan<\/strong> = cheese press<br \/>\n<strong>fiodhrach<\/strong> [fj\u0264\u0263an] = timber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fuygh<\/strong> = timber, wood<br \/>\n<strong>fuyghagh, fuyghoil<\/strong> =  ligneous, wooden, woody<br \/>\n<strong>fuyghee<\/strong> = wooden<br \/>\n<strong>feeal<\/strong> = chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gw\u0268\u00f0<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261w\u0268\u02d0\u00f0] = wood, trees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>guid<\/strong> = tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guit, guyt, gwyd, gw\u0177dd<\/strong> = tree(s), forest, woods<br \/>\n<strong>gvytbuil, gvydbvll<\/strong> = a chess-like boardgame<br \/>\n<strong>guduit, gwyddfid, gwytuid, gwituid<\/strong> = wood, forest, bush, protective hedge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gw\u0177dd<\/strong> [\u0261w\u0268\u02d0\u00f0 \/ \u0261wi\u02d0\u00f0] = tree(s), branches, twigs; forest, woods, shrub(s); lineage, genealogical tree, stock; stem<br \/>\n<strong>gwyddallt<\/strong> = wooded slope<br \/>\n<strong>gwyddbwyll<\/strong> = chess; knowledge, learning, science, reason<br \/>\n<strong>gwyddel<\/strong> = forest, grove, thicket, brake, wilderness<br \/>\n<strong>gwyddfid<\/strong> = wood, forest, bush, protective hedge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>guit<\/strong> = trees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwedh, gweydh, gwydh<\/strong> = trees<br \/>\n<strong>gwedhen, gwedhan<\/strong> = tree<br \/>\n<strong>gwydhbol<\/strong> = chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwydh<\/strong> [gw\u026a:\u00f0] = trees<br \/>\n<strong>gwedhen<\/strong> = tree<br \/>\n<strong>gwedhek<\/strong> = woodland<br \/>\n<strong>gwedhlan<\/strong> = arboretum, tree plantation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>guid<\/strong> = trees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guez, guid, gwyd, gwydh<\/strong> = tree(s)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwez<\/strong> [\u0261we] = trees<br \/>\n<strong>gwezenn<\/strong> = tree<br \/>\n<strong>gwezeg<\/strong> = wooded<br \/>\n<strong>gwezek<\/strong> = abounding in trees<br \/>\n<strong>gwezboell<\/strong> = chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081weyd\u02b0h\u2081-.<\/em> (tree, beam) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/widus\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>wood<\/strong> in English, <strong>vid<\/strong> (firewood, wood) in Swedish, and <strong>ved<\/strong> (wood) in Danish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/widuz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kaitos<\/strong> = wood, forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ko\u0268d<\/strong> [\u02c8ko\u0268\u032fd] = wood, forest<br \/>\n<strong>*argo\u0268d<\/strong> = surrounding forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>coit<\/strong> = wood, forest<br \/>\n<strong>coetlann<\/strong> = copse, grove, woodland, wooded glade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coyt, coit, koet, coet, coed<\/strong> = forest, wood, trees<br \/>\n<strong>coedallt<\/strong> = wooded slope, hillside<br \/>\n<strong>coedva, koedfa<\/strong> = grove, woodland, forest<br \/>\n<strong>koedach<\/strong> = shrubs, brushwood<br \/>\n<strong>coydiawc, coedawc, coedoc<\/strong> = woody, wooded<br \/>\n<strong>coydiawl, koedolyon<\/strong> = silvan, rustic, wild<br \/>\n<strong>coet, coedwig, coedwic<\/strong> = forest, wood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coed<\/strong> [ko\u02d0\u0268\u032fd \/ k\u0254i\u032fd] = forest, wood, trees; shrubs; timber, pieces of wood<br \/>\n<strong>coeden<\/strong> [ko\u02d0\u0268\u032fd \/ k\u0254i\u032fd] = tree<br \/>\n<strong>coedaidd<\/strong> = silvan, arboraceous, woody, wooden<br \/>\n<strong>coedallt<\/strong> = wooded slope, hillside<br \/>\n<strong>coedfa<\/strong> = grove, woodland, forest<br \/>\n<strong>coed(i)ach<\/strong> = shrubs, brushwood, underwood, withered branches<br \/>\n<strong>coed(i)af), coed(i)o<\/strong> = to prop or timber a pit or shaft<br \/>\n<strong>coed(i)og<\/strong> = woody, wooded, abounding with trees, silvan<br \/>\n<strong>coed(i)ol<\/strong> = pertaining to wood or timber, silvan, rustic, wild<br \/>\n<strong>coedlan<\/strong> = copse, grove, woodland, wooded glade<br \/>\n<strong>coedwig<\/strong> = forest, wood<br \/>\n<strong>argoed<\/strong> = trees, forest, surrounding forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>cuit<\/strong> = wood, forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coys, coyd, coid<\/strong> = wood, forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>koos<\/strong> [ko:z \/ ku:z] = forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coat, coet, co\u00ebt<\/strong> = wood, forest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>koad<\/strong> [\u02c8kw\u0251\u02d0t] = wood, forest<br \/>\n<strong>koadadur<\/strong> = afforestation, tree planting<br \/>\n<strong>koadaj<\/strong> = panelling, woodwork<br \/>\n<strong>koadeg<\/strong> = wooded, woody<br \/>\n<strong>koader<\/strong> = to timber, panel, plant trees<br \/>\n<strong>argoad<\/strong> = groove, copse, wooded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kayt-\/*\u1e31ayt-<\/em> (forest, wasteland, pasture) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/ko%C9%A8d\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>heath<\/strong> and <strong>heather<\/strong> in English, <strong>Heide<\/strong> (heath, heathland, woodland, forest) in German, <strong>hed<\/strong> (moor, waste land) in Swedish.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\">document.write(\"<iframe name='banner' src='https:\/\/affiliates.privadovpn.com\/scripts\/3abd4o9y?a_aid=Omniglot&amp;a_bid=9889223d&amp;w=1&#038;refx2s6d=\"+encodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(document.URL))+\"' framespacing='0' frameborder='no' scrolling='no' width='728' height='90' allowtransparency='true'><a href='https:\/\/privadovpn.com\/best-vpn\/#a_aid=Omniglot&amp;a_bid=9889223d' target='_top'>728x90 (Best VPN)<\/a><\/iframe>\");<br \/>\n<\/script><br \/>\n<noscript><\/p>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/privadovpn.com\/best-vpn\/\">728&#215;90 (Best VPN)<\/a><\/h2>\n<p><\/noscript><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for tree, wood and related things in Celtic languages. There are various words for tree in the modern Celtic languages. In each language the usual word for tree is different and comes from different roots. Only the Cornish and Breton words are cognate. The usual words for tree are: crann (Irish), craobh (Scottish Gaelic), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,63,19,20,44,24,25,61,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,11,12,13,130,23,82,64,72,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-provencal-provencau","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-trees","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3921"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7562,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921\/revisions\/7562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}