{"id":3855,"date":"2018-12-10T18:21:43","date_gmt":"2018-12-10T18:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3855"},"modified":"2022-03-09T21:56:03","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T21:56:03","slug":"to-sleep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/12\/10\/to-sleep\/","title":{"rendered":"To Sleep"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>sleep<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/34225175231\/in\/album-72157674487109324\/\" title=\"Curled up sleeping cat\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4191\/34225175231_997aa20a6b_z.jpg\" alt=\"Curled up sleeping cat\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sounos<\/strong> [\u02c8sow.nos] = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sounos<\/strong> = sleep<br \/>\n<strong>*Kiss\u014dnyos<\/strong> = Gaulish god associated with Mercury<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00faan<\/strong> [su\u02d0a\u032fn] = slumber, sleep<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00faanaid<\/strong> = to sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>suan<\/strong> [s\u02e0u\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = sleep, slumber<br \/>\n<strong>sunach<\/strong> = lethargic, sluggish, apathetic, dormant<br \/>\n<strong>sunacht<\/strong> = dormancy<br \/>\n<strong>suana\u00ed<\/strong> = sleeper, lethargic, sluggish, apathetic person<br \/>\n<strong>suana\u00edocht<\/strong> = dozing, torport, lethargy<br \/>\n<strong>suan\u00e1n<\/strong> = doze, nap<br \/>\n<strong>suanch\u00f3gas, suanla\u00edoch<\/strong> = soporific<br \/>\n<strong>suanlios<\/strong> = dormitory<br \/>\n<strong>suanmhar<\/strong> = sleepy, drowsy, somnolent<br \/>\n<strong>suansi\u00fal<\/strong> = sleep-walking, somnambulism<br \/>\n<strong>suansi\u00fala\u00ed<\/strong> = sleep-walker, somnambulist<br \/>\n<strong>suantra\u00ed<\/strong> = lullaby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>suain<\/strong> [su\u0259n\u032a\u02b2] = deep\/sound sleep, slumber<br \/>\n<strong>suain-lann<\/strong> = dormitory<br \/>\n<strong>suaineach<\/strong> = drowsy, sleepy<br \/>\n<strong>suainealeach<\/strong> = hypnotic<br \/>\n<strong>suainealas<\/strong> = hypnosis, hypnotism<br \/>\n<strong>suainealachadh<\/strong> = hypnotising, hypnotism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>saveen<\/strong> = doze, nap, slumber<br \/>\n<strong>saveeney<\/strong> = to doze<br \/>\n<strong>saveeney, saveenaghey<\/strong> = slumber<br \/>\n<strong>saveen-hooyl<\/strong> = somnambulism<br \/>\n<strong>saveen-hooyleyder<\/strong> = somnambulist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*h\u0289n<\/strong> [h\u0289n] = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep<br \/>\n<strong>hunav, hunaw, hunaf<\/strong> = to sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> [h\u0268\u02d0n\/hi\u02d0n] = sleep, slumber, nap, drowsiness, rest, death<br \/>\n<strong>hunaint<\/strong> = lethargy, sleeping-sickness, coma, apathy, torpor<br \/>\n<strong>huniad<\/strong> = a sleeping, sleep<br \/>\n<strong>huno<\/strong> = to sleep, slumber, nap, fall asleep, die, fall into a state of apathy, indifference or unconcern<br \/>\n<strong>hunog, hunol<\/strong> = slumbering, sleepy, drowsy, sleeper, drowsy person<br \/>\n<strong>hun-g\u00e2n<\/strong> = lullaby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep<br \/>\n<strong>hungan<\/strong> = lullaby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hun<\/strong> = sleep, nap<br \/>\n<strong>hunva<\/strong> = dormitory<br \/>\n<strong>hunvaleer<\/strong> = somnambulist, sleep walker<br \/>\n<strong>hunvre<\/strong> = dream<br \/>\n<strong>hunwezher<\/strong> = sleeping pill<br \/>\n<strong>hun don<\/strong> = deep sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*supn\u00f3s<\/em> (sleep, death), from <em>*swep-<\/em> (to sleep) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/sounos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the same PIE root we get the Latin word <em>cancer<\/em> (crab, tumor, cancer, lattice, grid), and related words in other languages, such as <strong>cancer<\/strong>, <strong>canker<\/strong> and <strong>incarcerate<\/strong> in English, <strong>cangrejo<\/strong> (crab) and <strong>c\u00e1ncer<\/strong> (cancer) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cancer#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*toleyo-<\/strong> = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cotlud<\/strong> = sleeping, sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>codail<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0254d\u032a\u02e0\u026al\u02b2 \/ \u02c8k\u028cd\u032a\u02e0\u026al\u02b2] = to sleep<br \/>\n<strong>codlatach<\/strong> = sleepy, drowsy, dormant<br \/>\n<strong>codlatacht<\/strong> = sleepiness, drowsiness<br \/>\n<strong>codlat\u00e1n<\/strong> = sleeper, sleepy-head, hibernating creature<br \/>\n<strong>codlat\u00f3ir<\/strong> = sleeper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caidil<\/strong> [kad\u02b2\u026al] = to sleep, slumber, repose, delay<br \/>\n<strong>cadal<\/strong> = sleeping, slumbering, sleep, slumber<br \/>\n<strong>codaltach<\/strong> = dozy, drowsy, sleepy, soporific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caddil<\/strong> [\u02c8ka\u02d0\u00f0\u0259l] = to sleep<br \/>\n<strong>cadley<\/strong> = sleep, sleepiness, asleep, dormant, unawakened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)tel-<\/em> (to be still) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/codail#Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/codail#Irish\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/codail\">Teaglann.ie<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ku\u0278sketi, *kuf-sko-<\/strong> = to sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kusk\u0268d<\/strong> = to sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kesku, kyscwyt<\/strong> = to sleep<br \/>\n<strong>cwsg, cwsc<\/strong> = sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cysgu<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0259s\u0261\u0268\u031e \/ \u02c8k\u0259s\u0261i] = to sleep, slumber, fall asleep; to fall into the sleep of death, to die; to be or become numb, to be torpid; to fall into a state of apathy, indifference or unconcern<br \/>\n<strong>cwsg<\/strong> = sleep, slumber, rest, dormancy, numbness, insensitiveness<br \/>\n<strong>cysgadur<\/strong> = sleeper, lazy and drowsy person, sleepy-head, hibernating animal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>koska<\/strong> [&#8216;k\u0254ska \/ &#8216;k\u028ask\u0250] = to sleep<br \/>\n<strong>kosk<\/strong> = sleep<br \/>\n<strong>yn kosk<\/strong> = asleep<br \/>\n<strong>sagh-koska<\/strong> = sleeping bag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kousket<\/strong> = to sleep<br \/>\n<strong>kousked<\/strong> = sleep<br \/>\n<strong>kouskerez<\/strong> = sleeping<br \/>\n<strong>sac\u2019h-kousket<\/strong> = sleeping bag, duvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31ewb-<\/em> (to bend, turn) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cysgu\">source<\/a>]. The English word <strong>hip<\/strong> comes from the same PIE root, as does the Albanian word <strong>sup<\/strong> (shoulder) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/hip#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for sleep and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *sounos [\u02c8sow.nos] = sleep Gaulish *sounos = sleep *Kiss\u014dnyos = Gaulish god associated with Mercury Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) s\u00faan [su\u02d0a\u032fn] = slumber, sleep s\u00faanaid = to sleep Irish (Gaeilge) suan [s\u02e0u\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = sleep, slumber sunach = lethargic, sluggish, apathetic, dormant [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,22,7,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3855"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6430,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855\/revisions\/6430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}