{"id":3766,"date":"2018-12-02T12:34:09","date_gmt":"2018-12-02T12:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3766"},"modified":"2018-12-04T12:22:21","modified_gmt":"2018-12-04T12:22:21","slug":"to-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/12\/02\/to-be\/","title":{"rendered":"To Be"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The verb <strong>to be<\/strong> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*but\u0101<\/strong> = to be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>both<\/strong> = to be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00ed<\/strong> = to be, to exist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00ec<\/strong> [bi] = to be, to exist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ve<\/strong> = to be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bod<\/strong> [bo\u02d0d] = to be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>boz<\/strong> [b\u0254:z] = to be, to become, to exist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beza\u00f1<\/strong> = to be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: this verb is irregular in all the Celtic languages, and some of the different conjugations come from different roots.<\/p>\n<p>Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European *<em>b\u02b0uh\u2082-<\/em> (to become, grow, appear) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0uH-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bod#Welsh\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/b%c3%ad\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=bos\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaire Favereau<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The verb to be in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *but\u0101 = to be Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) both = to be Irish (Gaeilge) b\u00ed = to be, to exist Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) b\u00ec [bi] = to be, to exist Manx (Gaelg) ve = to be Welsh (Cymraeg) bod [bo\u02d0d] = to be Cornish (Kernewek) boz [b\u0254:z] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,22,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3766"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3790,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3766\/revisions\/3790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}