{"id":3751,"date":"2018-11-29T12:58:17","date_gmt":"2018-11-29T12:58:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3751"},"modified":"2026-03-09T21:41:49","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T21:41:49","slug":"shoulders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/11\/29\/shoulders\/","title":{"rendered":"Shoulders"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>shoulder<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/crudmucosa\/29429504201\/in\/photolist-LQzUhR-5AJWwX-2os8hjP-czNxaC-2rs4qMK-6XFpB8-3owywY-gfQd6g-2p2QTBX-8V1drB-QRzGHY-6unwAW-2p4t36E-54dMrF-C34pTP-2oWiwBf-2oYpcWE-9hZmnz-8WDwL1-9i3qdN-2oFxYZC-AdmmCT-3EtVD-2rWfHB4-8o4Tjg-2mawnp7-bmchBX-2iGBtH6-cG76s-2pb4Cdk-2rKw93Z-2kspMqz-2h1nJXa-6YLkcN-67yun-qwPNno-8ffN87-2gKgrn2-2hbof2H-6XKqtf-2osdfd5-2p4cttM-pSnWDs-2o5379o-24mJh7v-2oy6r4u-5jwV1Y-7vE6YE-28iYaL4-2jdmVvd\" title=\"Shouldered\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8458\/29429504201_12517d2353_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" alt=\"Shouldered\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>g\u00faala<\/strong> = shoulder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish<\/th>\n<td><strong>g\u00faala, gualann, g\u016baluinn<\/strong> = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>g\u00faaillech<\/strong> = shouldered, branched, branching<br \/>\n<strong>g\u00faaillid<\/strong> = companion, comrade<br \/>\n<strong>g\u00faalaire<\/strong> = load, burden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gualainn<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261u\u02d1\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259n\u02b2] = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>guaillead\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = (act of) shouldering, swaggering<br \/>\n<strong>guaille\u00e1il<\/strong> = to shoulder, to jostle with shoulder, to lurch with shoulders, to saunter, to swagger<br \/>\n<strong>guaille\u00e1la\u00ed<\/strong> = shoulderer, lurcher, saunterer, swaggerer<br \/>\n<strong>guaille\u00e1n<\/strong> = shoulder-strap, braces<br \/>\n<strong>guailleog<\/strong> = epaulet(te)<br \/>\n<strong>guaill\u00ed<\/strong> = companion<br \/>\n<strong>guaill\u00edocht<\/strong> = companionship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guaille<\/strong> [gu\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>guailleach<\/strong> [gu\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259x] = pertaining to shoulders<br \/>\n<strong>guailleachan \/ guailleag<\/strong> [gu\u0259l\u032a\u02b2\u0259xan \/ gu\u0259l\u032a\u02b2ag] = shoulder-mantle, shawl<br \/>\n<strong>gualann<\/strong> [gu\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = shoulder, corner of a house, tack (nautical), brow (geography), shoulder (of mutton), shaft (of a cart), curve of a (ship&#8217;s) bow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>geaylin<\/strong> = shoulder, corner (<em>of house<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>geayliney<\/strong> = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>geaylinagh<\/strong> = shouldered<br \/>\n<strong>geaylaig<\/strong> = epaulette<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gew-<\/em> (to bend, curve, arch, vault) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/g%C3%BAala#Middle_Irish\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>cuttlefish<\/strong>, <strong>gown<\/strong>, <strong>kidney<\/strong>, <strong>chitterling<\/strong> and <strong>gyration<\/strong> in English, <strong>Kuhle<\/strong> (hollow, depression) in German, <strong>kiel<\/strong> (keel) in Dutch, <strong>gonna<\/strong> (skirt) in Italian, and <strong>keula<\/strong> (bow, prow) in Finnish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/gew-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sk\u0113dos<\/strong> = wing, shoulder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sc\u00edath<\/strong> = wing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish<\/th>\n<td><strong>sc\u00edath<\/strong> = wing<br \/>\n<strong>sc\u00edath\u00e1n, sg\u00edth\u00e9an, sgiath\u00e1n<\/strong> = wing<br \/>\n<strong>sc\u00edath\u00e1nach<\/strong> = winged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sciath\u00e1n<\/strong> [s\u02e0ci\u0259\u02c8h\u0251\u0303\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0] = wing, side, extension, part, piece, arm<br \/>\n<strong>sciath\u00e1nach<\/strong> = winged, long-armed<br \/>\n<strong>An tOile\u00e1n Sciath\u00e1nach<\/strong> = Isle of Skye<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sgiath<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259] =wing, fin<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathan<\/strong> [sg\u02b2iahan] = small wing<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathach<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259h\u0259x] = pertaining to shoulders<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathadaich<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259h\u0259d\u026a\u00e7] = fluttering<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathadh<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259h\u0259\u0263] = (act of) flying<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathag<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259hag] = little wing<br \/>\n<strong>sgiathaire<\/strong> [sg\u02b2i\u0259.\u026ar\u02b2\u0259] = winger (in sports)<br \/>\n<strong>An t-Eilean Sgitheanach<\/strong> = Isle of Skye<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skian<\/strong> [sk\u02b2i\u0259n] = wing, pinion, mudguard, baffle<br \/>\n<strong>skianagh<\/strong> = winged, finned, pinioned, winged creature<br \/>\n<strong>Ellan Skianagh<\/strong> = Isle of Skye<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sku\u00ef\u00f0<\/strong> = shoulder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>iscuid<\/strong> = shoulder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ysgwyt, ysgwyd, ysg\u1efdyd<\/strong> = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>ysgwydawc, yscwyddoc, ysgwyddoc<\/strong> = shoulder(-blade), (upper part of) arm, shoulder (meat), having shoulders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ysgwydd<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0259s\u0261w\u0268\u031e\u00f0 \/ \u02c8\u0259s\u0261\u028ai\u032f\u00f0] = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>ysgwyddo<\/strong> = to shoulder, push with the shoulder(s), hustle, jostle, support, shrug<br \/>\n<strong>ysgwyddiad<\/strong> = standing out, jutting out, projection, protusion, cornice<br \/>\n<strong>ysgwyddog<\/strong> = shoulder(-blade), (upper part of) arm, shoulder (meat), having shoulders<br \/>\n<strong>ysgwyddol<\/strong> = scapular, like a shoulder in shape<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>scuid<\/strong> =shoulder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scuid, scudh, scoudh, sc\u00f4dh, sc\u00fbdh<\/strong> = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>scuidlien<\/strong> = a hood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skoodh<\/strong> [sko:\u00f0 \/ sku:\u00f0] = shoulder<br \/>\n<strong>skoodhya<\/strong> = to assist, back, help, second, support<br \/>\n<strong>skoodhyans<\/strong> = assistance, help, support<br \/>\n<strong>skoodhyer<\/strong> = assistant, exponent, fan, supporter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scoaz<\/strong> = shoulder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skoaz<\/strong> [\u02c8skw\u0251\u02d0(s)] = shoulder, help<br \/>\n<strong>skoazek<\/strong> = (person) with broad shoulders, killer whale<br \/>\n<strong>skoazell<\/strong> [\u02c8skw\u0251\u02d0.(z)\u025bl] = help, assistance<br \/>\n<strong>skoazella\u00f1<\/strong> [skwa.\u02c8(z)\u025b.l\u02d0\u00e3] = to help, to rescue, to subsidize<br \/>\n<strong>skoazeller<\/strong> = assistant, helper, auxiliary<br \/>\n<strong>skoazia\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8skwa(z)j\u00e3] = to support, to help, to assist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unkown, possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*skeyd-<\/em> (to split, divide) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/skeid%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n     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Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) g\u00faala = shoulder Middle Irish g\u00faala, gualann, g\u016baluinn = shoulder g\u00faaillech = shouldered, branched, branching g\u00faaillid = companion, comrade g\u00faalaire = load, burden Irish (Gaeilge) gualainn [\u02c8\u0261u\u02d1\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259n\u02b2] = shoulder guaillead\u00f3ireacht = (act of) shouldering, swaggering guaille\u00e1il [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,129,61,21,83,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,10,40,41,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,145,48,47,53,49,55,366,50,367],"class_list":["post-3751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-parts-of-the-body","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-shoulder","tag-welsh","tag-wing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3751"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9144,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751\/revisions\/9144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}