{"id":3649,"date":"2018-11-19T18:44:38","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T18:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3649"},"modified":"2024-09-26T14:39:12","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T13:39:12","slug":"heads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/11\/19\/heads\/","title":{"rendered":"Heads &#038; Brains"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>heads<\/strong>, <strong>brains<\/strong>, <strong>minds<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/58789412@N00\/39737054063\/in\/photolist-23xqMKM-bnWaYs-bDssa9-26SWEud-wfGtC9-NqCLp2-G7UB8x-21yVmpW-ZAuSsw-e3rKAf-2dYXvrd-22VgF1v-27DQj1j-2bbHius-bKoLi4-23X8uF4-5ARP9F-RB1HRV-2XHZs9-2cDTdPf-22NfwSj-Ke4376-nzn65u-Fsq41-22Vhrv2-cKeGNh-o1qN3f-wT2Q8-5g1bJU-22pJgAR-2cDTeCu-KAFajP-7c72DQ-cKeFqj-e2RqLY-FssvK-Wmv4UC-5byJHB-26oHfiX-bwDwXX-3hLqa-pLx5t-fMofs-8Xywj-5g1bRw-FFv2Ai-23UZwaq-21UY7PD-218dZEm-bwBhAX\" title=\"Aquileia\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7811\/39737054063_6ef8255ebe_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"446\" alt=\"Aquileia\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*k&#695;ennom<\/strong> = head<br>\n<strong>*en-k&#695;ennio-<\/strong> = brain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>pennon, &pi;&epsilon;&nu;&nu;&omicron;, &pi;&epsilon;&nu;&nu;&omicron;&omicron;&upsilon;<\/strong> = head<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Primitive Irish<\/th>\n<td><strong>&#5769;&#5778;&#5765;&#5776;-&#5769;&#5779;&#5765;&#5765;&#5780;<\/strong> (cuna-<strong>cenni<\/strong>) = dog&rsquo;s head<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cenn<\/strong> [k&#690;en&#840;] = head, end, leader<br>\n<strong>inchinn<\/strong> = brain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cenn, cend<\/strong> = head, roof, end, chief, leader<br>\n<strong>cenna<\/strong> (adj.) = chief, principal<br>\n<strong>cennacht, ceannacht<\/strong> = headship, supremacy, leadership<br>\n<strong>cennas, cendus<\/strong> = headship, leadership, superiority, precedence<br>\n<strong>cennide<\/strong> = headgear, headdress, helmet<br>\n<strong>cennmar, cennmhar<\/strong> = big-headed<br>\n<strong>cennphort<\/strong> = capital, chief, leader<br>\n<strong>cenntromm, ceanntrom<\/strong> = heavy-handed<br>\n<strong>inchinn, inchind<\/strong> = brain(s), mind, intelligence, intention<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ceann<\/strong> [caun&#810;&#736; \/ c&#593;&#720;n&#810;&#736; \/ can&#810;&#736;] = head; end, extremity; one; chief, main<br>\n<strong>ceannas<\/strong> = headship, sovereignty, authority, command, forwardnewss, self-assertiveness<br>\n<strong>ceannasach<\/strong> = ruling, sovereign, commanding, masterful, forward, self-assertive, bold, assured, dominant (chord)<br>\n<strong>ceannasa&iacute;<\/strong> = commander, controller<br>\n<strong>ceanntrom<\/strong> = bullying, oppression, top-heavy, sluggish, drowsy<br>\n<strong>inchinn<\/strong> [&#712;&#618;&#626;&ccedil;&#601;n&#800;&#690;] = brain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ceann<\/strong> [k&#690;aun&#810;&#736;] = head, end, close, finish, lid, roof, subject, topic, leader<br>\n<strong>ceann-suidhe<\/strong> = president<br>\n<strong>ceannadair<\/strong> [k&#690;an&#810;&#736;&#601;d&#618;r&#690;] = leader<br>\n<strong>ceannara<\/strong> [k&#690;an&#810;&#736;&#601;r&#810;&#736;&#601;] = resolute, strong-headed<br>\n<strong>ceannard<\/strong> [k&#690;&atilde;&#361;n&#810;&#736;&#601;r&#810;&#736;d] = chief, leader, head, boss, president, headland<br>\n<strong>ceannardach<\/strong> [k&#690;&atilde;&#361;n&#810;&#736;&#601;r&#810;&#736;d&#601;x] = chiefly, commanding, imperious<br>\n<strong>ceannas<\/strong> [k&#690;an&#810;&#736;&#601;s] = presidency, rule, superiority, dominance<br>\n<strong>eachainn<\/strong> [&#603;n&#603;x&#618;n&#810;&#690;] = brain, brains<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kione<\/strong> [caun \/ co&#720;n \/ co&#7496;n] = head, headland, chief, ringleader, bottom, poll, end, extreme, close, finish, top-end, top, point of argument, termination, closing, extremity, point, dyke, tribune<br>\n<strong>kionard<\/strong> = chief<br>\n<strong>kionnoort<\/strong> = chief(tain), captain, governor, ruler, prince, deputy, constable<br>\n<strong>kioneys<\/strong> = dominance, domination, command, hegemony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*penn<\/strong> [&#712;pen&#720;] = head<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cumbric<\/th>\n<td><strong>pen<\/strong> = head<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn, pen<\/strong> = head, chief<br>\n<strong>pennadur<\/strong> = ruler, chief(tain), lord, nobleman, aristocrat, prince, king, sovereign<br>\n<strong>pennaethu<\/strong> = to act as a chief, to rule<br>\n<strong>pennaytheid<\/strong> = chieflike, princely<br>\n<strong>penryn, penrin, pennrynn<\/strong> = cape, promontory, headland, point, peninsula<br>\n<strong>talcen, talken<\/strong> = forehead, brow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pen<\/strong> [p&#603;n] = head, obverse (<em>of coin<\/em>); top, summit, roof, highest point; extremity, end, beginning; headland, promontory, projecting point of rock; pole<br>\n<strong>penadur<\/strong> = ruler, chief(tain), lord, nobleman, aristocrat, prince, king, sovereign<br>\n<strong>penaethu<\/strong> = to act as a chief, to rule<br>\n<strong>penr(h)yn<\/strong> = cape, promontory, headland, point, peninsula<br>\n<strong>talcen<\/strong> = forehead, brow<br>\n<strong>ymennydd<\/strong> [&#601;&#712;m&#603;n&#616;&#798;&eth; \/ &#601;&#712;m&#603;n&#618;&eth;] = brain, brains, intellectual capacity, mind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn<\/strong> = head<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pen<\/strong> = an extremity, end, conclusion, head, chief, beginning, the upper part, summit<br>\n<strong>pencanguer<\/strong> = centurion (&ldquo;head of 100 men&rdquo;)<br>\n<strong>pendevig, pensevic, pedhzhivig<\/strong> = prince, chief, nobleman<br>\n<strong>pendruppia<\/strong> = to nod, shake the head<br>\n<strong>penryn<\/strong> = promontory, cape, head-land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn, pedn<\/strong> [p&#603;n:] = end, head, summit, top, main, premier, top<br>\n<strong>pennek<\/strong> = big-headed<br>\n<strong>pennen<\/strong> = buddle-head<br>\n<strong>pennseviges<\/strong> = princess<br>\n<strong>pennsevik<\/strong> = chief, noble, prince<br>\n<strong>pennskol<\/strong> = university<br>\n<strong>ympynnyon<\/strong> brain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn<\/strong> = head, chief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn, pen<\/strong> = head, chief<br>\n<strong>pennec<\/strong> = big-headed, stubborn, obstinate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>penn<\/strong> [p&#603;n&#720;] = head, chief, leader<br>\n<strong>pennad<\/strong> [&#712;p&#603;.n&#720;at] = piece, end, moment, chapter, article<br>\n<strong>pennadur<\/strong> = authority<br>\n<strong>pennan<\/strong> = main, dominant<br>\n<strong>penna&ntilde;<\/strong> = to form a head, to stand up to<br>\n<strong>pennek<\/strong> [&#712;p&#603;n&#720;&#603;k] = big-headed, stubborn, obstinate<br>\n<strong>penntir<\/strong> [&#712;p&#603;nti&#641;] = promontory<br>\n<strong>empenn<\/strong> = brain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown. The words for brain all mean &ldquo;in (the) head&rdquo; [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/k%CA%B7ennom\">source<\/a>]. The <strong>tal<\/strong> in Welsh <strong>talcen<\/strong> comes from <strong>t&acirc;l<\/strong> (end, extremity, top, side, edge, front), from Proto-Celtic <em>*talu<\/em> (front, forehead) &ndash; see the post about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/12\/02\/foreheads\/\">Foreheads<\/a>, while the <strong>cen<\/strong> retains the <strong>c<\/strong> [k] from Proto-Celtic.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>in(n)tinn<\/strong> [&#712;in&#840;&#690;t&#690;in&#840;&#690;] = head, end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>in(n)tinn<\/strong> = mind, view, disposition, attention, intention, will, purpose, high spirits, courage<br>\n<strong>dall-inntinn<\/strong> = dullness, stupidity, dull, stupid, heavy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>intinn<\/strong> [&#712;i&#720;n&#800;&#690;t&#690;&#601;n&#800;&#690;] = mind, mental state, disposition, attention, spirits, intention, accord<br>\n<strong>intinneach<\/strong> = willing, intent(ional), strong-willed, spirited, in high spirits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>inntinn<\/strong> [&#297;&#720;n&#810;&#690;d&#690;&#618;n&#810;&#690;] = (human) mind; intellect, intelligence; intention, purpose<br>\n<strong>inntinneach<\/strong> [&#297;&#720;n&#810;&#690;d&#690;&#618;n&#810;&#690;&#601;x] = interesting, high-minded, high-spirited, jolly, merry<br>\n<strong>inntinneachd<\/strong> [&#297;&#720;n&#810;&#690;d&#690;&#618;n&#810;&#690;&#601;xg] = high-mindedness<br>\n<strong>inntinneil<\/strong> = mental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>inchyn, in&ccedil;hyn<\/strong> = brain, grey matter, intellect, spirit<br>\n<strong>inchynagh<\/strong> = brainy, cerebral, intelligent, mental, witted<br>\n<strong>inchynaght<\/strong> = intellect, intelligence<br>\n<strong>ard-inchynys<\/strong> = brilliance<br>\n<strong>co-inchynys<\/strong> = telepathy<br>\n<strong>far-inchynaght<\/strong> = artificial intelligence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>intenti&#333;<\/em> (strain, tension, increase, exertion, charge, purpose, intention), from <em>intend&#333;<\/em> (to stretch out, strain, turn one&rsquo;s attention to, focus (on), aim, direct), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <em>*ten-<\/em> (to stretch, extend) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/intinn#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>tend<\/strong>, <strong>tent<\/strong>, <strong>tense<\/strong>, <strong>tenure<\/strong> and <strong>intention<\/strong> in English, <strong>entendre<\/strong> (to hear, mean) in French, <strong>tener<\/strong> (to have, possess, hold) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/ten-\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/etymologicaldict00macbuoft\/page\/n9\/mode\/2up\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &ndash; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for heads, brains, minds and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *k\u02b7ennom = head *en-k\u02b7ennio- = brain Gaulish pennon, \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5 = head Primitive Irish \u1689\u1692\u1685\u1690-\u1689\u1693\u1685\u1685\u1694 (cuna-cenni) = dog&#8217;s head Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) cenn [k\u02b2en\u0348] = head, end, leader inchinn = brain Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cenn, cend [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,128,19,20,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,41,42,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-cumbric","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-parts-of-the-body","category-primitive-irish","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3649"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8467,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions\/8467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}