{"id":3466,"date":"2018-10-21T16:45:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-21T15:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3466"},"modified":"2024-02-13T18:08:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T18:08:43","slug":"red","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/10\/21\/red\/","title":{"rendered":"Red"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>red<\/strong> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/<a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/41451192290\/in\/dateposted\/\" title=\"Flowers \/ Blodau\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1789\/41451192290_21c38b2cee_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" alt=\"Flowers \/ Blodau\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*dergos<\/strong> = red, crimson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>derg<\/strong> [d\u02b2er\u0261] = red<br \/>\n<strong>dergaid<\/strong> = to redden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>derg, derc<\/strong> = red, ruddy, bloody, sanguinary, red-hot, incandescent<br \/>\n<strong>dergadas<\/strong> = to redden<br \/>\n<strong>dergaid<\/strong> = to redden, make red, kindle, burn<br \/>\n<strong>dergaide<\/strong> = reddish<br \/>\n<strong>derge<\/strong> = redness, ruddiness, flushing<br \/>\n<strong>dergthach<\/strong> = red, ruddy, hot, reddish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dearg<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u02b2a\u027e\u02e0\u0259\u0261 \/ \u02c8d\u02b2\u00e6\u027e\u02e0\u0259\u0261] = red, rouge, red ink, glowing, raw, bloody<br \/>\n<strong>deargadh<\/strong> = reddening, blushing, glow(ing), light(ing), bloodying, wounding, chafing, soil-turning, digging<br \/>\n<strong>dearg\u00e1n<\/strong> = red matter or object, chafed, patch, glow<br \/>\n<strong>dearglasta<\/strong> = blazing, red-hot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dearg<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u025br\u025bg] = red, ruddy, flamming, red-hot<br \/>\n<strong>dearg-amadan<\/strong> = bloody fool, complete idiot<br \/>\n<strong>dearg-bhuidhe<\/strong> = orange<br \/>\n<strong>dearg-lasrach<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u025br\u025bg l\u032a\u02e0asr\u0259x] = flaming red, red hot<br \/>\n<strong>deargachadh<\/strong> [d\u02b2\u025br\u025bg\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = reddening, making an impression, blushing, drawing blood<br \/>\n<strong>dearg-ruadh<\/strong> = bright red (hair, wool, etc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>jiarg<\/strong> = red, sanguine, ruddy, bloodshot, rouge, gules, glowing, stark, florid, live, burning, abandoned, fair (<em>intensive<\/em>), turned (<em>land<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>jiargey<\/strong> = chafe, sore, red<br \/>\n<strong>jiargaghey<\/strong> = to blush, flush, glow, redden, blushing, glowing<br \/>\n<strong>jiargid<\/strong> = grossness, reddishness, redness<br \/>\n<strong>jiarg-bwee<\/strong> = orange<br \/>\n<strong>jiarg-cheh<\/strong> = red hot<br \/>\n<strong>jirgid<\/strong> = blush, glow, reddness, ruddiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from Proto-Indo-European <em>*d\u02b0erg-<\/em> (to dim, darken) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dearg\">source<\/a>]. The English word <strong>dark<\/strong> comes from the same root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dark\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*roudos<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*roudos<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00faad<\/strong> [r\u0348u\u02d0a\u032f\u00f0] = red, reddish<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00faadnaid<\/strong> = to redden<br \/>\n<strong>forr\u00faad<\/strong> = red, russet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00faad<\/strong> = red, brownish, dark red, strong, mighty<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00faadnaid<\/strong> = to make red, redden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rua<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0u\u0259] = red, reddish-browm, russet, copper-brown; wild, fierce; rough, strong<br \/>\n<strong>ruachan<\/strong> = reddening, rusting (vegetation<br \/>\n<strong>ruachorcra<\/strong> = puce<br \/>\n<strong>ruacht<\/strong> = redness (of hair)<br \/>\n<strong>ruafholtach<\/strong> = red-haired<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ruadh<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0u\u0259\u0263] = (browny) red, rust-coloured, ginger, russet, red colour, redness; strength; red deer<br \/>\n<strong>ruadhachadh<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0u\u0259.\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = reddening, making red<br \/>\n<strong>ruadhan<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0u\u0259\u0263an] = reddishness, overcooked good, tea which has been boiling all day<br \/>\n<strong>ruadh-bhuidhe<\/strong> = auburn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ruy<\/strong> [r\u025bi\/ri\u02d0] = red, ginger, tan, copper-complexioned, red-haired, foxy, sandy<br \/>\n<strong>ruyagh<\/strong> = reddish<br \/>\n<strong>ruyghey<\/strong> = bronze, brown, redden, tan(ned)<br \/>\n<strong>ruyid<\/strong> = brownness, reddishness, redness, tan<br \/>\n<strong>ruissagh<\/strong> = florid, reddish, rose-coloured, rosy, ruddy<br \/>\n<strong>ruissaght<\/strong> = reddishness, rosiness, ruddiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*r\u0289\u00f0<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rud<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rud, rut, rhudd<\/strong> = red, ruddy<br \/>\n<strong>rudit, ruta\u1efd, ruda\u1efd, rhuddo<\/strong> = to make or become red, crimson or violet<br \/>\n<strong>rudell, ruddell<\/strong> = red, reddish<br \/>\n<strong>rutem, rud em, rudem<\/strong> = ruby, garnet, ruby-coloured<br \/>\n<strong>rudcoch, rruddgoch, rudgoch<\/strong> = red, crimson, purple, blood-red, bloody<br \/>\n<strong>ruddlas, ryddlas<\/strong> = reddish-blue, purple, violet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhudd<\/strong> = red, ruddy, purplish, bay, tawny, brown, bloody, covered with blood, scorched, crimson, violet, purple<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddaf, rhuddo<\/strong> = to make or become red, crimson or violet<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddel(l)<\/strong> = red, reddish, brown, bay, red ochre, red colour<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddem<\/strong> = ruby, garnet, ruby-coloured<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddgoch<\/strong> = red, crimson, purple, blood-red, bloody<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddiad<\/strong> = becoming red or pink, blushing, redness<br \/>\n<strong>rhuddlas<\/strong> = reddish-blue, purple, violet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>rud<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rudh, rud, r\u00fbdh ruydh<\/strong> = red, crimson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rudh<\/strong> [ry:\u00f0 \/ ri:\u00f0] = ginger, red<br \/>\n<strong>rudh min<\/strong> = lipstick<br \/>\n<strong>rudhek<\/strong> = robin<br \/>\n<strong>rudhel<\/strong> = auburn, russet red<br \/>\n<strong>rudhem<\/strong> = ruby<br \/>\n<strong>rudhgogh<\/strong> = blood-red<br \/>\n<strong>rudhik<\/strong> = reddish<br \/>\n<strong>rudhlas<\/strong> = purple, reddish purple<br \/>\n<strong>rudhlasdu<\/strong> = crimson<br \/>\n<strong>rudhlos<\/strong> = greyish red, russet<br \/>\n<strong>rudhvelyn<\/strong> = orange, reddish orange<br \/>\n<strong>rudhwyn<\/strong> = gay, pink, reddish pink<br \/>\n<strong>rudhya<\/strong> = to blush, redden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old  Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rud<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ruz, ru, rus<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ruz<\/strong> = red<br \/>\n<strong>ruzded<\/strong> = redness<br \/>\n<strong>ruzdu<\/strong> = brown<br \/>\n<strong>ruzellat<\/strong> = to glow<br \/>\n<strong>ruzian, ruzia\u00f1<\/strong> = to blush<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081rewd\u02b0-<\/em> (red). Words from the same root include <strong>red<\/strong>, <strong>robust<\/strong>, <strong>ruby<\/strong>, <strong>ruddy<\/strong>, <strong>russet<\/strong> and <strong>rust<\/strong> in English  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%81rewd%CA%B0-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kokko-\/*kokki<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kox<\/strong> = red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coch<\/strong> = red<br \/>\n<strong>cochi, kochi<\/strong> = to make or become red, redden, brown, scorch, blush<br \/>\n<strong>cochder, cochter, kochder<\/strong> = redness, ruddiness, flush<br \/>\n<strong>kochdduy, coch-ddu, cochdd\u00fb<\/strong> = reddish-black, russet, brown<br \/>\n<strong>cochliw<\/strong> = red-coloured, bloody, redness, ruddiness<br \/>\n<strong>kochwen<\/strong> = reddish-white, pink<br \/>\n<strong>coghyn, kochyn, cochen<\/strong> =  red-haired person, hare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coch<\/strong> [ko\u02d0\u03c7] = red, redness, ruddy, scarlet, bloody; ginger (hair); brown; poor, feeble, unskilful<br \/>\n<strong>cochaf, cochi<\/strong> = to make or become red, redden, brown, scorch, blush<br \/>\n<strong>cochaidd<\/strong> = reddish, ruddy, bloody<br \/>\n<strong>cochder<\/strong> = redness, ruddiness, flush<br \/>\n<strong>cochddu<\/strong> = reddish-black, russet, brown<br \/>\n<strong>cochfelyn<\/strong> = copper-coloured, reddish yellow<br \/>\n<strong>cochlas<\/strong> = purple, violet, reddish blue<br \/>\n<strong>cochliw<\/strong> = red-coloured, bloody, redness, ruddiness<br \/>\n<strong>cochliwaf, cochliwio<\/strong> = to paint red<br \/>\n<strong>cochrudd<\/strong> = crimson, ruddy<br \/>\n<strong>cochwyn<\/strong> = reddish-white, pink<br \/>\n<strong>cochyn<\/strong> =  red-haired person, hare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coch, couch<\/strong> = red, bloody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kogh<\/strong> = blood-red, crimson, scarlet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>coccum<\/em> (a scarlet berry), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> (k\u00f3kkos &#8211; berry). This is also the root of <em>coccinus<\/em> (scarlet, scarlet-dyed), from which comes the English word <strong>cochineal<\/strong>, and related words in other languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/coch\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*wlannos<\/strong> = blood red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flann<\/strong> = red, blood-red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flann, fland<\/strong> [flan\u0348] = red, blood-red, blood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flann<\/strong> = (blood-)red, bloody, sanguinary, blood (<em>poetic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>flannbhu\u00ed<\/strong> = orange (colour)<br \/>\n<strong>flanndearg<\/strong> = vermilion<br \/>\n<strong>flannrua<\/strong> = blood-red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flann<\/strong> [fl\u032a\u02e0aun\u032a\u02e0] = blood (<em>archaic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>flann-dhearg<\/strong> = blood-red (<em>archaic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from Proto-Indo-European <em>*welh\u2083-<\/em> (to strike, hit, wound). Words from the same roots include <strong>vulnerable<\/strong>, <strong>valkyrie<\/strong> and <strong>Valhalla<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/welh%E2%82%83-\">source<\/a>] and words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/09\/06\/blood\/\">blood<\/a> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for red in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,38,26,19,20,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-colours","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3466"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7958,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466\/revisions\/7958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}