{"id":3331,"date":"2018-10-06T14:16:13","date_gmt":"2018-10-06T13:16:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3331"},"modified":"2023-06-09T19:52:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T18:52:08","slug":"sorrow-sadness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/10\/06\/sorrow-sadness\/","title":{"rendered":"Sorrow &#038; sadness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>sorrow<\/strong>, <strong>sadness<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/mattwieve\/14526134415\/in\/photolist-o8CeFn-89tR5w-89tQSA-9djr6w-dy59SD-24GcKGF-aM48vi-4u6RHD-6HbJJU-5mFCsB-w6MnPf-bvD1Kr-R7Gsmy-E3gQ3A-nWR64b-2hzkeDN-7q1mgH-56uQoN-6zuCmF-798h1a-4U5efi-Ptc6F5-SAbcXC-WGMXQN-5f1tqv-9GZY75-3FcHr-izrTp-65dcSs-NRA5jP-HiK6PZ-75MET6-vLqquX-yPzPC-8n3R9P-2gN7jzv-6j2593-igPHk-dCRAVH-r8am7M-29FvLJ9-soAQ2-31n8sJ-BjD9h4-pSpXy-9vq6c3-D4EWD-4n1NJN-8WF6fm-MbFfsu\" title=\"sad pug\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/5509\/14526134415_84f0e5ed1e_z.jpg\" alt=\"sad pug\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*trougos\/*trowgo-<\/strong> = sorry, sad, wretched<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00faag, tr\u00f3g<\/strong> = miserable, wretched, emaciated, wretch<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faagdae<\/strong> = miserable, wretched<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00f3g\u00e1n, tr\u00faag\u00e1n<\/strong> = miserable person, wretch, pauper<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faaige<\/strong> = affliction, compassion, misery, pity, wretchedness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaedhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tr\u00faag<\/strong> = wretched, pititable, miserable, sad; thin, lean, emaciated; wretch, miserable person<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faagdae, trogdae, tr\u00faagdai, troghda<\/strong> = miserable, wretched. piteous<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faag\u00e1n<\/strong> = miserable person, wretch, pauper<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faagnait, tr\u00f3gnait<\/strong> = wretch, miserable person<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faaige<\/strong> = misery, wretchedness, affliction<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u00faaigm\u00e9il<\/strong> = pitiable, sorrowful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trua<\/strong> [t\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0u\u0259] = pity, sympathy, compassion, miserable person, wretch; pitiable, miserable, wretched; lean, thin, emaciated<br \/>\n<strong>truac\u00e1nta<\/strong> = piteous, plaintive<br \/>\n<strong>truac\u00e1ntacht<\/strong> = piteousness, plaintiveness<br \/>\n<strong>truachro\u00edoch<\/strong> = kind-hearted, compassionate, heartrending, piteous<br \/>\n<strong>truacht<\/strong> = leanness<br \/>\n<strong>atruach<\/strong> = compassionate<br \/>\n<strong>tru\u00e1n<\/strong> = miserable person, wretch; thin, emaciated creature, importunate person<br \/>\n<strong>truanairt<\/strong> = wretch<br \/>\n<strong>tru\u00e1nta<\/strong> = wretched; thin, emaciated<br \/>\n<strong>tru\u00e1ntacht<\/strong> = wretchedness; thinness, emaciation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>truagh<\/strong> [tru\u0259\u0263] = abject, forlorn, miserable, pitiful, poor, sorry<br \/>\n<strong>truaghan<\/strong> [tru\u0259\u0263an] = poor soul\/thing, wretch<br \/>\n<strong>truaghag<\/strong> [tru\u0259\u0263ag] = poor\/pitiful thing, poor wee thing (female)<br \/>\n<strong>truaghaileachd<\/strong> [tru\u0259\u0263al\u0259xg] = compassionateness, tender-heartedness<br \/>\n<strong>truaghanachd<\/strong> [tru\u0259\u0263\u0259n\u032a\u02e0\u0259xg] = abjectness, miserableness, wretchedness<br \/>\n<strong>truas<\/strong> [tru\u0259s] = pity, compassion, sympathy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>truan<\/strong> = misery<br \/>\n<strong>truanagh<\/strong> = miserable, mournful, sorrowful person<br \/>\n<strong>truanys<\/strong> = misery<br \/>\n<strong>treih<\/strong> = abject, deplorable, feeble, forlorn, fragile, miserable, pathetic, piteous, pitiful, regrettable, rueful<br \/>\n<strong>treihaght<\/strong> = misery, pitifullness, pitifulness<br \/>\n<strong>treihnagh<\/strong> = mournful<br \/>\n<strong>treihys<\/strong> =  abjection, abjectness, fragility, misery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*trugan<\/strong> = wretch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru, trv<\/strong> = wretched, miserable, deplorable, pitiful, pathetic<br \/>\n<strong>truan<\/strong> = wretch, miserable person<br \/>\n<strong>truanu<\/strong> = to take pity, feel compassion<br \/>\n<strong>truaneid, truanaidd<\/strong> = wretched, miserable, deplorable<br \/>\n<strong>tryanedd, tayyrnedd<\/strong> = wretchedness<br \/>\n<strong>trueni<\/strong> = misery, wretchedness, abjectness, degradation<br \/>\n<strong>truanus<\/strong> = wretched, miserable, deplorable, poor<br \/>\n<strong>tr\u1efdch, troch, truch<\/strong> = unfortunate, sad, wretched<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru<\/strong> [tr\u0268\u02d0\/tri\u02d0] = wretched, miserable, deplorable, pitiful, pathetic<br \/>\n<strong>truan<\/strong> = wretch, miserable person; wretched, miserable, deplorable, pitiful, pathetic, poor, weak<br \/>\n<strong>truanaf, truanu<\/strong> = to take pity, feel compassion<br \/>\n<strong>truanaidd<\/strong> = wretched, miserable, deplorable, pitiful<br \/>\n<strong>truanedd<\/strong> = wretchedness<br \/>\n<strong>trueni<\/strong> = misery, wretchedness, abjectness, degradation<br \/>\n<strong>truenus<\/strong> = wretched, miserable, deplorable, poor<br \/>\n<strong>trwch<\/strong> = unfortunate, sad, wretched, poor; bad, evil, wicked; unfortunate person, wretch, scoundrel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>troc<\/strong> = miser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru<\/strong> =  alas, pity, sad, woe<br \/>\n<strong>trueth<\/strong> = pity, compassion<br \/>\n<strong>troc<\/strong> = wretched, miser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru<\/strong> =  alas<br \/>\n<strong>truan<\/strong> = sadly, miserable, unfortunate, wretched<br \/>\n<strong>truedh<\/strong> = pity, sympathy<br \/>\n<strong>truedhek<\/strong> = sadly, pathetic, pitiful, plaintive, sad<br \/>\n<strong>trogh<\/strong> = broken, wretched<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru<\/strong> = pitiful, wretched, miserable<br \/>\n<strong>truant<\/strong> = pitiful, wretched, miserable<br \/>\n<strong>trugarez<\/strong> = pity, mercy, forgiveness, thanks, misery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tru<\/strong> = pitiful, wretched, miserable, wretch<br \/>\n<strong>trugarez<\/strong> = thank you, mercy, forgiveness<br \/>\n<strong>truant<\/strong> = beggar<br \/>\n<strong>truanter<\/strong> = cheater, supplicant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*terh\u2081-<\/em> (to rub, turn, drill, pierce). Words from the same roots possibly include <strong>truant<\/strong> in English, and <strong>truand<\/strong> (crook, gangster, beggar) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/truant#Old_French\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*brugnos<\/strong> = saddness, pain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00f3n<\/strong> [bro\u02d0n] = sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00f3n<\/strong> [b\u02e0\u027e\u02e0o\u02d0n\u02e0] = sorrow, grief, grieving, lamentation; distress, burden<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00f3nach<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02e0\u027e\u02e0o\u02d0n\u02e0\u0259x] = sad, sorrowful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00f2n<\/strong> [br\u0254\u02d0n] = grief, sadness, sorrow, mourning, affliction<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00f2nach<\/strong> [\u02c8br\u0254\u02d0n\u0259x] = doleful, miserable, rueful, sad, sorrowful;  disconsolate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bran<\/strong> = sorrow, blackness of soul<br \/>\n<strong>branagh<\/strong> = mournful, black (<em>as outlook<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>brwyn<\/strong> [bru\u02d0\u0268\u032fn \/ br\u028ai\u032fn] = sorrow, grief, sadness; sorrowful, grievous, sad, heavy; pensive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b7ruH\u01f5\u02b0-n\u00f3-<\/em>, from <em>*g\u02b7rewH\u01f5\u02b0-<\/em> (to bite) + <em>*-n\u00f3s<\/em>, or from <em>*b\u02b0reg-<\/em> (to break)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/br%C3%B3n#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trist<\/strong> [tri\u02d0st \/ tr\u026ast] = sad, unhappy, sorrowful, mournful, pensive, downhearted, miserable, anxious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trist<\/strong> = sad, mournful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trist<\/strong> = sad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>tr\u012bstis<\/em> (sad, unhappy, melancholy, morose), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*tr\u00e9ystis<\/em> (stubborn, in a bad mood) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/trist#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhfiveg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for sorrow, sadness and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *trougos\/*trowgo- = sorry, sad, wretched Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) tr\u00faag, tr\u00f3g = miserable, wretched, emaciated, wretch tr\u00faagdae = miserable, wretched tr\u00f3g\u00e1n, tr\u00faag\u00e1n = miserable person, wretch, pauper tr\u00faaige = affliction, compassion, misery, pity, wretchedness Middle Irish (Gaedhealg) tr\u00faag = wretched, pititable, miserable, sad; thin, lean, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,10,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3331"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7315,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3331\/revisions\/7315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}