{"id":3325,"date":"2018-10-06T13:40:59","date_gmt":"2018-10-06T12:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3325"},"modified":"2023-11-05T20:50:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T20:50:47","slug":"happy-fortunate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/10\/06\/happy-fortunate\/","title":{"rendered":"Happy &#038; fortunate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>happy<\/strong>, <strong>forunate<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/kome8\/29559254363\/in\/photolist-M33UuB-2ioVC4g-5C2M8U-4KAuiw-3JUdn6-3zLvC-3zLqB-2njqkz6-djRH-4pGmXg-2nsVEAq-5scwSN-kPsyCy-WTpa1Y-CjLen8-6s3iXq-axRQkL-dBTcY7-pQYRT-9rt8Y1-djQf-djQk-hbfDsd-2jsma3h-2kF9zxt-fgQqDr-ArW1N9-a5TLaT-g5aUaU-owDmUk-iMSGc3-8ZhXJC-U8Bi7s-67p7dF-fx3FFp-u8o3jd-9dUCx3-86zsP3-86zs6o-89dcDE-2ksKV4J-9qajYA-A9ACXG-AtoVPr-9E5tjD-b4PBj4-aLWaC-Epu2oH-67tiLo-jHj4jV\" title=\"have a happy weekend!\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8557\/29559254363_9e66c33613_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"have a happy weekend!\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sogn\u0101wos<\/strong> = well-grown<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona<\/strong> [\u02c8sona] = happy, fortunate<br \/>\n<strong>sonaide<\/strong> = prosperous, fortunate, happy, lucky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona<\/strong> = prosperous, fortunate, lucky<br \/>\n<strong>sonaide<\/strong> = prosperous, fortunate, happy, lucky<br \/>\n<strong>sonaige<\/strong>  = happiness<br \/>\n<strong>sonann<\/strong> = properous land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona<\/strong> [\u02c8s\u02e0\u028an\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = happy, lucky, fortunate<br \/>\n<strong>sona\u00eddeach<\/strong> = easy, untroubled<br \/>\n<strong>sonas<\/strong> = happiness, good luck, good fortune<br \/>\n<strong>sonasach<\/strong> = happy, lucky, fortunate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona<\/strong> [s\u0254n\u0259] = content, happy<br \/>\n<strong>sonas<\/strong> [s\u0254n\u0259s] = happiness, contentment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sonney<\/strong> = affluent, lucky, fortunate, happy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-European <em>*\u01f5neh\u2083-<\/em> (to recognise, know) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sona#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same root include <strong>gnomon<\/strong> (a pointer on a sundail), <strong>ignore<\/strong>,  <strong>noble<\/strong>, <strong>normal<\/strong>, <strong>glory<\/strong> in English, the Irish word <strong>gn\u00fais<\/strong> (face) in Irish, <strong>gn\u00f9is<\/strong> (face) in Scottish Gaelic, and <strong>gnis<\/strong> (jaw, chin, face) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5neh%E2%82%83-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*lowenos<\/strong> = merry, joyful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*Lawenos<\/strong> = <em>name<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llowen<\/strong> = happy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llauen, llewyn, llawen<\/strong> = merry, jovial, glad, cheerful, happy<br \/>\n<strong>llawena, llawenu<\/strong>  = to make happy, gladden, cheer, delight<br \/>\n<strong>llawenhau, llywenhav, lawenh\u00e4u<\/strong> = to rejoice, be\/make joyful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llawen<\/strong> [\u02c8\u026cau\u032f\u025bn \/ \u02c8\u026cau\u032fan] = merry, jovial, glad, cheerful, happy, blithe, joyful, joyous, jubilant; bringing happiness, pleasant, delightful<br \/>\n<strong>llawenaf, llawenau<\/strong>  = to make happy, gladden, cheer, delight<br \/>\n<strong>llawenaidd<\/strong> = glad, cheerful, happy, pleasant, delightful<br \/>\n<strong>llawender<\/strong> = gladness, happiness, joy<br \/>\n<strong>llawenhaf, llawenhau<\/strong> = to rejoice, be joyful, be\/make glad, be joyous, exult, be cheerful,  gladden, cheer (up), hearten<br \/>\n<strong>llawenol<\/strong> = glad, cheerful, happy, jubilant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>louen<\/strong> = happy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lowen<\/strong> = glad, joyful, merry<br \/>\n<strong>loweneder<\/strong> = joy, mirth<br \/>\n<strong>lowene, lowen\u00e9<\/strong> = joy, bliss, gladness, mirth<br \/>\n<strong>lowenec, lowenek<\/strong> = glad, joyful, merry<br \/>\n<strong>lowenhe, lowenh\u00e9<\/strong> = to cause, rejoice, make\/be glad, gladden, comfort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lowen<\/strong> [&#8216;l\u0254w\u025bn \/ &#8216;lu:\u0250n] = glad, happy<br \/>\n<strong>lowenek<\/strong> [l\u0254&#8217;w\u025bn\u025bk \/ l\u0259&#8217;w\u025bn\u0250k] = cheerful, gay, happy, joyful, merry<br \/>\n<strong>lowena<\/strong> = bliss, cheer, happiness, joy<br \/>\n<strong>lowender<\/strong> = mirth<br \/>\n<strong>lowenek<\/strong> = cheerful, happy, joyful, merry<br \/>\n<strong>lowenhe<\/strong> = to rejoice, delight, make happy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>louen, laouen<\/strong> = happy, cheerful, cordial, warm<br \/>\n<strong>louenhat, louenhaff<\/strong> = to become more cheerful, rejoice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>laouen<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0254w\u02d0\u025bn] = happy; willingly, gladly<br \/>\n<strong>laouenaat<\/strong> = to rejoice, satisfy<br \/>\n<strong>laouenek<\/strong> = friendly, convival<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*leh\u2082w-<\/em> (to seize, gain, benefit, prize) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/lowenos\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>golud<\/strong> (wealth, riches) in Welsh,  <strong>luach<\/strong> (value, price, reward) in Irish, <strong>lucre<\/strong> and <strong>galore<\/strong> in English, and <strong>l\u00f6n<\/strong> (reward, salary, wage) in Swedish  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/leh%E2%82%82w-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Welsh word <strong>hapus<\/strong> [\u02c8hap\u0268\u031es\/\u02c8hap\u026as] (happy, cheerful, blessed, satisfactory, fortunate, successful, prosperous) comes from English  <strong>hap<\/strong> (chance, fortune, luck, fortuitous event), from Middle English <em>hap(pe)<\/em> (chance, luck, fortune), from Old English <em>\u0121eh\u00e6p <\/em> (fit, convenient) and\/or Old Norse <em>happ<\/em> (chance, good luck) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/hapus#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for happy, forunate and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *sogn\u0101wos = well-grown Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) sona [\u02c8sona] = happy, fortunate sonaide = prosperous, fortunate, happy, lucky Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) sona = prosperous, fortunate, lucky sonaide = prosperous, fortunate, happy, lucky sonaige = happiness sonann = properous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,22,5,6,77,37,7,27,71,10,70,12,13,23,64,43,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3325"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7693,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325\/revisions\/7693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}