{"id":3301,"date":"2018-10-05T13:08:07","date_gmt":"2018-10-05T12:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=3301"},"modified":"2023-11-03T15:58:24","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T15:58:24","slug":"bad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2018\/10\/05\/bad\/","title":{"rendered":"Bad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Words for bad<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n

\"Good\"<\/p>\n

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*drukos<\/strong> = bad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\ndruco-<\/strong> = bad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\ndroch<\/strong> [drox] = bad, ill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\ndroch<\/strong> = bad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\ndroch<\/strong> [dr\u0254x] = bad, poor, evil, ill, un-
\ndrochbh\u00e9as<\/strong> = vice, bad habit
\ndrochmheas<\/strong> = contempt
\ndrochobair<\/strong> = bad work, mischief
\ndrochrath<\/strong> = ill luck, misfortune
\ndrochrud<\/strong> = bad thing, inferior thing, bad\/evil person, devil
\ndrochr\u00fan<\/strong> = evil intention
\ndrochuair<\/strong> = evil hour, unfortunate occasion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\ndroch<\/strong> [dr\u0254x] = bad, evil, wicked, mischievous, sad, calamitous, dark, obscure, secretive
\ndroch-aigne<\/strong> = ill-will
\ndroch-allaidh<\/strong> = libel
\ndroch-ch\u00f2rdadh<\/strong> = disagreement
\ndroch-fh\u00e0istinneach<\/strong> = ominous
\ndroch-mh\u00e8in<\/strong> = malice
\ndroch-thuarach<\/strong> = sinister<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\ndrogh<\/strong> [dr\u0254x] = evil, wicked, bad, abusive, unenviable, misfortune, badness, ill, sinister, vile
\ndrogh aghtalys<\/strong> = misbehaviour, misconduct
\ndrogh chaaynt<\/strong> = bad language, smut, swearing
\ndrogh chonagh<\/strong> = misfortune
\ndrogh hraghtey<\/strong> = to smuggle, smuggling
\ndrogh oor<\/strong> = bad luck, ill-times, misfortune<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*drug<\/strong> = bad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ndruc, dryg, dr\u1efdc, drwc<\/strong> = bad
\ndrycaruer , drygarver, drycarver<\/strong> = bad habit, abuse, misuse
\ndrygdafod<\/strong> = scurrilous language, evil tongue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ndrwg<\/strong> [dru\u02d0\u0261] = bad, rotten, putrid; poor, piteous, wretched; sorry, grievous, sad; unfavourable, causing disquiet; injurious, harmful; unpleasant (taste<\/em>); indecent, obscene (words<\/em>); counterfeit, false; bad; harsh, cruel, severe, ruthless; corrupt, depraved, sinful, wicked, mischievous, naughty
\nstrong>drwgabsen<\/strong> = malicious defamation, slander
\ndrwgafer<\/strong> = bad habit, abuse, misuse
\ndrwgdafod<\/strong> = scurrilous language, evil tongue
\ndrwgenwog<\/strong> = infamous, notorious, disreputable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\ndroc, dr\u00f4g, drog<\/strong> = evil, wickedness, harm, injury, wrong, bad, wicked, hurtful, mischievous
\ndroca, droga<\/strong> = worst
\ndrocoleth<\/strong> = an evil deed, ill doing, injury, damage
\ndroga, droaga<\/strong> = to do harm, hurt, injure
\ndrogbrederys<\/strong> = evil-minded, malicious, envious
\ndrogbres<\/strong> = ill will, spite, grudge
\ndrogdavasec<\/strong> = ill-tongued, foul-mouthed, back-biting, reviling
\ndrogger<\/strong> = ill report, infamy, reproach
\ndroggeriit<\/strong> = infamous, reproachful
\ndroggras<\/strong> = revenge, requital
\ndrogober, dr\u00f4k-ober<\/strong> = an evil deed, a crime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\ndrog<\/strong> [dr\u0254:g \/ dro:g] = bad, harm, hurt, ill, wrong, evil, invalid, nasty, naughty, wicked, wrong
\ndrogdybi<\/strong> = to suspect
\ndrogedh<\/strong> = vice
\ndrogfara<\/strong> = to behave badly
\ndrogga<\/strong> = wrong
\ndroghandla<\/strong> = to abuse, mishandle
\ndroglam<\/strong> = accident, crash, mishap
\ndrogober<\/strong> = crime
\ndrogboeror, drogoberores<\/strong> criminal, culprit
\ndrogura<\/strong> = to smear
\ndrokoleth<\/strong> = widkedness
\ndrokter<\/strong> = wickedness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezoneg)<\/th>\ndrouc<\/strong> = bad, illness, anger
\ndrouc \u00c6lez<\/strong> = the devil, bad angel
\ndrouc auantur<\/strong> = misfortune, bad luck
\ndroucyez, drouguyez<\/strong> = wickedness, malice, animosity
\ndrouc<\/strong> =
\ndrouc<\/strong> =<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\ndrouk<\/strong> [dru\u02d0k] = bad, evil, naughty
\ndroug<\/strong> [dru\u02d0k] = bad, wickedness
\ndrougiezh<\/strong> [dru\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0\u025bs] = wickedness, malice, animosity
\ndroukra\u00f1sus<\/strong> [dru\u02c8\u0261r\u00e3s\u02d0ys] = angry, resentful
\ndroukaat<\/strong> = to become bad, make bad
\ndrouziwezh<\/strong> [dru.\u02c8zi\u02d0.w\u025bs] = defeat, disaster
\ndizrouk<\/strong> [\u02c8di.zruk] = inoffensive, without anger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *d\u02b0rewg\u02b0-<\/em> (to deceive) [source<\/a>]. Word from the same roots include dream<\/strong> in English, droom<\/strong> (dream) and driegen<\/strong> (to deceive) in Dutch, Traum<\/strong> (dream) and tr\u00fcgen<\/strong> (to deceive, be deceptive) in German [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*dognawos<\/strong> = badly grown (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\ndona<\/strong> [\u02c8dona] = unlucky, unfortunate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\ndona<\/strong> = unfortunate, unlucky, wretched
\ndonaide<\/strong> = ill-disposed, wretched
\ndon\u00e1n<\/strong> = miserable creature, wretch
\ndonas<\/strong> = ill-luck, misfortune, calamity
\ndonogad<\/strong> = act of making wretched<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\ndona<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u0254n\u032a\u02e0\u0259\/\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u028cn\u02e0\u0259] = unfortunate, unlucky, bad, poor, wretched, ill
\ndonacht<\/strong> = badness, wretchedmess, misfortune, illness
\ndonagar<\/strong> = bad condition, misfortune
\ndonaigh<\/strong> = to make worse, aggravate, become word, deteriorate, injure, maim
\ndonaire<\/strong> = wretch
\ndonaireacht<\/strong> = wretchedness
\ndonais\u00edn<\/strong> = little wretch, weakling
\ndonas<\/strong> = ill-luck, misfortune, affliction, misery, mischief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\ndona<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259] = bad, not well
\ndonachas<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259x\u0259s] = mischief, harm, bad luck, mishap, devil
\ndonachd<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259xg] = mischief, harm, bad luck, mishap
\ndonad<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259d] = degree of badness, severity
\ndonadas<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259d\u0259s] = badness, evil
\ndonas<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259s] = mischief, harm, bad luck, devil
\ndonasag<\/strong> [d\u0254n\u0259sag] = imp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\ndonney<\/strong> [\u0254lk] = calamitous, ill-advised, inauspicious, unfortunate, unlucky, very ill, woeful, unhappy
\ndonnan<\/strong> = dolt, dunce, stupid person, worse
\ndonnys<\/strong> = affliction, bad luck, mischief, woe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *\u01f5neh\u2083-<\/em> (to recognise, know) [source<\/a>]. Words from the same root include can<\/strong>, canny<\/strong>, gnome<\/strong>, ignore<\/strong>, know<\/strong> and quaint<\/strong> in English [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*ulkos<\/strong> = evil, bad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\nolc<\/strong> [olk] = bad, evil
\nolcas<\/strong> = badness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nolc, olcc<\/strong> = evil, bad, wrong, misfortune
\nolcach<\/strong> = hurtful, injurious, harm, injury
\nolcas<\/strong> = badness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nolc<\/strong> [\u0254l\u032a\u02e0k] = evil, harm, bad, harmful, poor, wretched, ill-disposed, hardly, scarcely
\nolcach<\/strong> = causing evil, harmful, injurious.
\nolcas<\/strong> = badness, evil, bad state, bad nature, spite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\nolc<\/strong> [\u0254l\u032a\u02e0xg] = evil, wicked, bad, infamous, ill, iniquity
\nolcag<\/strong> [\u0254l\u032a\u02e0xgag] = little brat (female)
\nolcair<\/strong> [\u0254l\u032a\u02e0xg\u025br\u02b2] = evildoer
\nolcas<\/strong> [\u0254l\u032a\u02e0xg\u0259s] = wickedness, badness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nolk<\/strong> [\u0254lk] = bad, evil, ill, injury, lousy, truculence, unfavourable, vicious, wicked, mischief, naughty, sinful
\nolkeyr<\/strong> = criminal, culprit, evil-doer, offender, mischief-maker
\nolkid<\/strong> = badness, evilness
\nolkys<\/strong> = badness, evilness, iniquity, mischief
\nolkyssagh<\/strong> = baleful, elfish, diabolical, iniquitous, malicious, malignant, mischievous, naughty, vicious, wicked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European *h\u2081el\u1e31-<\/em> (bad [?]) [source<\/a>]. Words from the same root include ill<\/strong> and possibly ulcer<\/strong> in English, illa<\/strong> (badly, poorly, not well) in Swedish, and ilke\u00e4<\/strong> (bad, mean, wicked, evil) in Finnish [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a>, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Words for bad and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *drukos = bad Gaulish druco- = bad Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) droch [drox] = bad, ill Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) droch = bad Irish (Gaeilge) droch [dr\u0254x] = bad, poor, evil, ill, un- drochbh\u00e9as = vice, bad habit drochmheas = […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,129,25,61,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,11,12,13,23,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3301"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7678,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301\/revisions\/7678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}