{"id":20091,"date":"2020-11-04T14:00:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=20091"},"modified":"2021-04-08T12:05:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-08T12:05:09","slug":"cheesy-juice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=20091","title":{"rendered":"Cheesy Juice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today&#8217;s etymological adventure starts with the word <strong>ost<\/strong>, which means cheese in Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. In Danish it&#8217;s pronounced [\u0254sd\u0325], in Swedish and Norwegian it&#8217;s pronounced [ust] [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ost\">source<\/a>]. It also means east, but we&#8217;re focusing on the cheesy meaning today.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cyclonebill\/2223196802\/in\/photolist-4ossXm-6B9VD7-SPhiNy-2jTccuU-22nYWom-7qZfES-C4Xs8q-2jRnoV2-fMRkpK-fMRkzM-84m6uZ-5gr4et-6eJ42g-R7YGan-83outS-SN1UWb-XtbJda-49DyJG-WcoEiq-WS9RpU-FCFd1S-WS9XW1-XpefvA-2iivJVf-49zsSR-49zsGF-Xg6pJe-XdkSRG-8N2Bkd-8dDsAP-2hAyr17-9THfhX-2jDvFpK-ebCNz9-cNJ5fq-AAhpYm-53Qczx-egPdPS-4z2sgR-5LHKyM-egHsQc-544XzM-25bomrH-ACAbZt-8Yw22G-AAgW5z-BfgKmr-ACAd1r-Bd2hWo-AhmLQg\" title=\"Ost\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2232\/2223196802_b8d2feb1cc_z.jpg\" alt=\"Ost\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ost<\/strong> comes from the Old Norse <em>ostr<\/em> (cheese), from Proto-Germanic <em>*justaz<\/em> (cheese), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*yaus-\/*y\u016bs-<\/em> (sap, juice, broth), from <em>*yewH-<\/em> (to blend, mix (food), knead).<\/p>\n<p>The Old Norse <em>ostr<\/em> is also the root of words for cheese in Icelandic and Faroese (<strong>ostur<\/strong>), in the Sylt dialect of North Frisian (<strong>Aast<\/strong>), in Finnish (<strong>juusto<\/strong>), in Estonian (<strong>juust<\/strong>), in Northern Sami (<strong>vuost\u00e1<\/strong>), in Skolt Sami (<strong>vu\u00e2stt<\/strong>), and in other Finnic and Sami languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/justaz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the PIE root <em>*yaus-\/*y\u016bs-<\/em> we get the Latin: <strong>i\u016bs<\/strong> (gravy, broth, soup, sauce, juice), from which we get the English word <strong>juice<\/strong>, which was borrowed into Faroese and Icelandic (<strong>dj\u00fas<\/strong>), Swedish and Danish (<strong>juice<\/strong>), and other languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ius#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Welsh word for porridge, <strong>uwd<\/strong> [\u0268\u031eu\u032fd\/\u026au\u032fd], comes from the PIE root <em>*yaus-\/*y\u016bs-<\/em>, via the Proto-Celtic <em>*yut-\/*yot-<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/uwd#Welsh\">source<\/a>]. The Russian word <strong>\u0443\u0445\u0430<\/strong> (ukha &#8211; a kind of fish soup) comes from the same PIE root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic\/juxa\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the Latin <strong>i\u016bs<\/strong>, we also get (via French) the English word <strong>jus<\/strong> (the juices given off as meat is cooked). The Dutch word <strong>jus<\/strong> (gravy) comes from the same French root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/jus#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>cheese<\/strong> comes from the Middle English <em>chese<\/em> (cheese), from Old English <em>\u010b\u012bese<\/em> (cheese), from the Proto-West Germanic <em>*k\u0101s\u012b<\/em> (cheese), from the Latin <em>c\u0101seus<\/em> (cheese), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kwh\u2082et-<\/em> (to ferment, become sour) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cheese\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words for cheese in other West Germanic language come from the same Germanic root, including: <strong>kaas<\/strong> in Dutch and Afrikaans, <strong>K\u00e4se<\/strong> in German, <strong>Kjees<\/strong> in Low German and <strong>tsiis<\/strong> in West Frisian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\/k%C4%81s%C4%AB\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the Latin <em>c\u0101seus<\/em> we also get words for cheese in such languages as Spanish (<strong>queso<\/strong>), Galician (<strong>queixo<\/strong>), Portuguese (<strong>queijo<\/strong>), Irish (<strong>c\u00e1is<\/strong>), Welsh (<strong>caws<\/strong>) and  Breton (<strong>keuz<\/strong>) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/04\/07\/cheese\/\">More on Celtic words for cheese<\/a>]. The Swedish word <strong>keso<\/strong> (cottage cheese) was borrowed from Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/caseus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Another word for cheese in Late\/Vulgar Latin was <em>f\u014drm\u0101ticum<\/em>, an abbreviation of <em>c\u0101seus f\u014drm\u0101ticus<\/em> (form cheese), from <em>f\u014drma<\/em> (form, mold) and <em>c\u0101seus<\/em> (cheese). From this we get words for cheese in French (<strong>fromage<\/strong>), Italian (<strong>formaggio<\/strong>), Breton (<strong>formaj<\/strong>), and similarly cheesy words in various other languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/formaticum#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today&#8217;s etymological adventure starts with the word ost, which means cheese in Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. In Danish it&#8217;s pronounced [\u0254sd\u0325], in Swedish and Norwegian it&#8217;s pronounced [ust] [source]. It also means east, but we&#8217;re focusing on the cheesy meaning today. Ost comes from the Old Norse ostr (cheese), from Proto-Germanic *justaz (cheese), from Proto-Indo-European [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,92,100,102,104,106,107,108,109,112,113,116,124,127,128,10,15,23,26,31,33,36,41,43,44,45,52,156,64,67,77,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-afrikaans","category-breton","category-danish","category-dutch","category-english","category-estonian","category-etymology","category-faroese","category-finnish","category-frisian","category-galician","category-german","category-icelandic","category-irish","category-italian","category-language","category-latin","category-manx","category-middle-english","category-norwegian","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-norse","category-portuguese","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian","category-sami","category-spanish","category-swedish","category-welsh","category-words-and-phrases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20091"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20800,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20091\/revisions\/20800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}