{"id":19230,"date":"2020-05-23T13:23:46","date_gmt":"2020-05-23T13:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=19230"},"modified":"2024-05-10T14:02:43","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T14:02:43","slug":"extra-horses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=19230","title":{"rendered":"Extra Horses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In Dutch one word for horse is <strong>paard<\/strong> [pa\u02d0rt]. It also means a knight in chess, a pommel horse or an ugly woman. When I learnt this recently, I starting wondering where it comes from, as you do.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cirkel_der_natuur\/48330547251\/in\/photolist-2gCNFTr-2j4CiZB-6dxCUE-2oCheUn-2pGEnwk-4iYGvg-Pngamf-rVJcRc-L69hqN-2mbt8nH-2oGc23b-2nFa1m1-2gcYjE1-VoaS6U-2k4QxV9-e5qx1o-2oFu91o-b9vJXc-uYiCVz-2niLgfx-DkZMhi-9nGsv2-L68wHN-2kQmHmQ-2phgGhL-agR52S-2nxymKE-Lwz6rD-2nUHwmu-UTivGH-Ltz6wN-3dp14-2pa9M1H-as9UFf-2gZ1n9V-Ln1Ff7-f8n2Z-f8n18-f8mZQ-3MUNe5-LpDArc-2m4Ammc-orhT6S-2pbRdGS-TjAyaR-LtzAhJ-2m4Bq54-6hW9g2-eUYW9Z-MJt2G\" title=\"#Paard #Horse\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/48330547251_93baf6f35e_5k.jpg\" width=\"4704\" height=\"2718\" alt=\"#Paard #Horse\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>At first I thought, it&#8217;s completely different to words for horse in other Germanic languages &#8211; <strong>hest<\/strong> in Danish and Norwegian, <strong>h\u00e4st<\/strong> in Swedish, and <strong>hestur<\/strong> in Icelandic and Faroese.<\/p>\n<p>While this is true, <strong>paard<\/strong> is in fact cognate with the German word for horse <strong>Pferd<\/strong> [pfe\u02d0rt], and also with the Afrikaans <strong>perd<\/strong>, the Luxembourgish <strong>P\u00e4erd<\/strong>, the Yiddish <strong>\u05e4\u05bf\u05e2\u05e8\u05d3<\/strong> (ferd), the English <strong>palfrey<\/strong>* and the French <strong>palefroi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>* palfrey = \u201ca small horse with a smooth, ambling gait, popular in the Middle Ages with nobles and women\u201d [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/palfrey#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>These words <strong>paard<\/strong>, <strong>Pferd<\/strong>, etc come from the Latin Latin <em>paraver\u0113dus<\/em>, \u201can extra horse; post horse or courier&#8217;s horse for outlying or out of the way places\u201d [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/paraveredus#Latin\">source<\/a>], from <em>para-<\/em> (beside, next to, near), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac<\/em> (from, by, near), and <em>ver\u0113dus<\/em> (a fast or light breed of horse, a courier&#8217;s horse, a hunter), from the Gaulish <em>*wer\u0113dos<\/em>, from Proto-Celtic <em>*u\u0278or\u0113dos<\/em> (horse) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/veredus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <em>*u\u0278or\u0113dos<\/em> is also the root of the Welsh word <strong>gorwydd<\/strong> (steed, horse) and the Spanish word <strong>vereda<\/strong> (path, lane, sidewalk) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/u%C9%B8or%C4%93dos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The word <strong>horse<\/strong> itself comes from the Old English <em>hors<\/em> (horse),  from the Proto-Germanic <em>*hruss\u0105<\/em> (horse), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31r\u0325sos<\/em> (horse), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31ers-<\/em> (to run) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/horse#English\">source<\/a>]. This is also the root of the Proto-Celtic <em>*karros<\/em> (wagon) and the Latin <em>currus<\/em> (chariot, wagon) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%E1%B8%B1r%CC%A5s%C3%B3s\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Others words that come from the Proto-Germanic <em>*hruss\u0105<\/em> include the North Frisian <strong>hors<\/strong> (horse), the West Frisian <strong>hoars<\/strong> (horse), the Dutch <strong>ros<\/strong> (horse, steed), the German <strong>Ross<\/strong> (horse, thoroughbred, steed, charger, fool), and the Icelandic <strong>hross<\/strong> (horse).<\/p>\n<p>From the Proto-Celtic <em>*karros<\/em> we get the Gaulish <em>*karros<\/em> (wagon), the Old Irish <strong>carr<\/strong> (cart, wagon), the Welsh <strong>car<\/strong> (vehicle, car, sled, dray), and <strong>karr<\/strong> (car, vehicle) in Cornish and Breton [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/karros\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the Latin <em>currus<\/em>, which was borrowed from Gaulish, we get the word <strong>carro<\/strong> (cart, wagon, truck, car, train car, etc) in Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Galician, Catalan and Occitan, and the English words car, cart and chariot [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/carro\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The North Germanic words for horse come the Old Norse <em>hestr<\/em> (horse, stallion), from the Proto-Germanic <em>*hangistaz<\/em> (horse, stallion), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31an\u1e31est-\/kankest-<\/em> (horse) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/hestr#Old_Norse\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve written before about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=15377\">words for horse in Indo-European languages<\/a>, and you can find <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2020\/01\/05\/horses\/\">more about Celtic words for horse on my Celtiadur blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Dutch one word for horse is paard [pa\u02d0rt]. It also means a knight in chess, a pommel horse or an ugly woman. When I learnt this recently, I starting wondering where it comes from, as you do. At first I thought, it&#8217;s completely different to words for horse in other Germanic languages &#8211; hest [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,102,104,107,108,116,124,10,15,67,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-danish","category-dutch","category-english","category-etymology","category-faroese","category-german","category-icelandic","category-language","category-latin","category-swedish","category-words-and-phrases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19230"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23458,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19230\/revisions\/23458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}