{"id":15596,"date":"2018-05-22T17:42:12","date_gmt":"2018-05-22T16:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/blog\/?p=15596"},"modified":"2018-05-22T17:42:12","modified_gmt":"2018-05-22T16:42:12","slug":"cows-beef-and-shepherds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=15596","title":{"rendered":"Cows, beef and shepherds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/blog\/cows2.jpg\" width=\"208\" height=\"208\" style=\"float:right; margin:0 0 20px 50px;\" alt=\"Cows among the heather in Cregneash, Isle of Man\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yesterday I learnt the Russian word for beef, <strong>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong> [\u0261\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2\u00e6d\u02b2\u026an\u0259], and the promotely forgot it. So I thought I&#8217;d investigate its etymology to help me remember it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong> comes from <strong>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u043e<\/strong> [\u0261\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2ad\u0259] and old word for cattle. This comes from the Proto-Slavic <em>*gov\u0119do<\/em> (head of cattle, bull, ox), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b7ew-n\u0325d-<\/em>, from <em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> (cattle) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE#Russian\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The usual Russian word for cow is <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.reverso.net\/english-russian\/cow\">source<\/a>], which comes from the Proto-Slavic <em>*k\u0151rva<\/em> (cow), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u1e31erh\u2082-<\/em> (horn) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> is also the root of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gak = boar (Albanian)<\/li>\n<li>govs = cattle, cow (Latvian)<\/li>\n<li>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u043e = beef (Ukrainian)<\/li>\n<li>\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e = cattle (Bulgarian, Macedonian &#038; Serbian)<\/li>\n<li>govedo = cattle (Croatian &#038; Slovenian)<\/li>\n<li>hovado = brute (Czech &#038; Slovak)<\/li>\n<li>gowjedo = cow (Lower Sorbian)<\/li>\n<li>*k\u016bz = cow (Proto-Germanic)<\/li>\n<li>Kuh = cow (German)<\/li>\n<li>koe = cow (Dutch)<\/li>\n<li>ku = cow (Norwegian)<\/li>\n<li>ko = cow (Swedish, Danish, North Frisian)<\/li>\n<li>coo, kye = cow (Scots)<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 = cow (Ancient Greek)<\/li>\n<li>b\u014ds = cow, bull, ox (Latin)<\/li>\n<li>bou = ox (Catalan)<\/li>\n<li>bue = ox, beef (Italian)<\/li>\n<li>bife = steak (Portuguese)<\/li>\n<li>bou= ox, idiot (Romanian)<\/li>\n<li>buey= ox. steer (Spanish)<\/li>\n<li>b\u0153uf = cow, ox, beef, jam session (French)<\/li>\n<li>*b\u0101us = cow (Proto-Celtic)<\/li>\n<li>*b\u014dws = ox (Proto-Celtic)<\/li>\n<li>bu, buw = cow, bullock, head of cattle (Middle Welsh)<\/li>\n<li>buwch = cow (Welsh)<\/li>\n<li>bugh = cow (Cornish)<\/li>\n<li>bu, buoc\u2019h = cow (Breton)<\/li>\n<li>b\u00f3 = cow (Irish)<\/li>\n<li>booa = cow (Manx)<\/li>\n<li>b\u00f2 = cow (Scottish Gaelic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The English words beef and bovine come ultimately from the same root. Beef comes from the Middle English <em>beef, bef, beof<\/em>, from the Anglo-Norman <em>beof<\/em>, from the Old French <em>buef, boef<\/em> (ox). from Latin b\u014ds (\u201cox\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Indo-European word *<em>g\u02b7owk\u00f3los<\/em>, from <em>*g\u02b7\u1e53ws<\/em> (cow) &#038; <em>*k\u02b7el-<\/em> (to revolve, move around, sojourn) gives us the following words in the Celtic languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/boukolyos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>*boukolyos = herdsman (Proto-Celtic)<\/li>\n<li>*b\u0289g\u00f6l = herdsman (Proto-Brythonic<\/li>\n<li>bugail = shepherd, pastor (Welsh)<\/li>\n<li>bugel = child, shepherd (Cornish)<\/li>\n<li>bugel = child (Breton)<\/li>\n<li>b\u00faachaill = cowherd (Old Irish)<\/li>\n<li>buachaill = boy, herdsman, servant, boyfriend (Irish)<\/li>\n<li>bochilley = shepherd, herdsman (Manx)<\/li>\n<li>buachaill, buachaille = cowherd, herdsman, shepherd, youth (Scottish Gaelic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yesterday I learnt the Russian word for beef, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 [\u0261\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2\u00e6d\u02b2\u026an\u0259], and the promotely forgot it. So I thought I&#8217;d investigate its etymology to help me remember it. \u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 comes from \u0433\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0434\u043e [\u0261\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2ad\u0259] and old word for cattle. This comes from the Proto-Slavic *gov\u0119do (head of cattle, bull, ox), from the Proto-Indo-European *g\u02b7ew-n\u0325d-, from *g\u02b7\u1e53ws (cattle) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,93,94,97,98,99,100,102,104,107,111,116,118,127,128,10,15,23,31,41,45,51,52,55,56,57,60,61,64,67,75,77,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-bulgarian","category-catalan","category-cornish","category-croatian","category-czech","category-danish","category-dutch","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-german","category-greek","category-irish","category-italian","category-language","category-latin","category-manx","category-norwegian","category-portuguese","category-proto-indo-european","category-romanian","category-russian","category-scots","category-scottish-gaelic","category-serbian","category-slovak","category-slovenian","category-spanish","category-swedish","category-ukrainian","category-welsh","category-words-and-phrases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}