{"id":14935,"date":"2017-12-14T18:20:44","date_gmt":"2017-12-14T17:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/blog\/?p=14935"},"modified":"2017-12-14T18:20:44","modified_gmt":"2017-12-14T17:20:44","slug":"the-foreshortening-dark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=14935","title":{"rendered":"The Foreshortening Dark"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/blog\/december.gif\" width=\"208\" height=\"208\" style=\"float:right; margin:0 0 20px 50px;\" alt=\"December in various languages\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In many languages this month is known as December, or something similar, which comes ultimately from the Latin <em>*decumo-m\u0113nsris<\/em> (of the tenth month) &#8211; the Roman calendar started in March (<em>m\u0101rtius<\/em>) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/December\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>However in some languages December has a completely different name:<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Welsh<\/strong> December is <em>Rhagfyr<\/em> [\u02c8r\u0325a\u0261v\u0268\u031er], which means the &#8216;foreshortening&#8217;, from <em>rhagfyrhau<\/em> (to foreshorten), from <em>rhag<\/em> (a prefix with various meanings) and <em>byr<\/em> (short, small) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Rhagfyr\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Breton<\/strong> December is <em>miz Kerzu<\/em> [miz \u02c8k\u025b\u0281.zy] &#8211; which means &#8216;very dark month&#8217;. The Cornish for December is similar and has the same meaning: <em>Mys Kevardhu<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Kerzu\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Scottish Gaelic<\/strong> December is <em>D\u00f9bhlachd<\/em>, From <em>dubh<\/em> (dark), so it&#8217;s a dark time [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/D%C3%B9bhlachd\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Irish<\/strong> December is <em>M\u00ed na Nollag<\/em> (the month of Christmas). <em>Nollag<\/em> is the genetive of <em>Nollaig<\/em>, which comes from the Old Irish <em>Notlaic<\/em> (Christmas), from Latin <em>n\u0101t\u0101l\u012bcia<\/em> (a birthday party), from <em>n\u0101t\u0101lis<\/em> (natal), from <em>n\u0101tus<\/em> (born) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Nollaig#Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Finnish<\/strong> December is <em>joulukuu<\/em> (Christmas\/yule moon) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/joulukuu\">source<\/a>], which was also the meaning of the Old English word for this month: <em>G\u0113olm\u014dna\u00fe<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Czech<\/strong> December is <em>prosinec<\/em> [pr\u0254s\u026an\u025bt\u0361s], which comes from <em>prosinoti<\/em> (flashing, shining) [<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/prosinec\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In <strong>Polish<\/strong> December is <em>grudzie\u0144<\/em> [\u02c8\u0261ru.d\u0361\u0291\u025b\u0272], from the Proto-Slavic <em>*grud\u044cn\u044a<\/em>, from <em>*gruda<\/em> (heap, lump) &#038; <em>*-\u044cn\u044a<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/grudzie%C5%84\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Are there interesting names for December in other languages?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In many languages this month is known as December, or something similar, which comes ultimately from the Latin *decumo-m\u0113nsris (of the tenth month) &#8211; the Roman calendar started in March (m\u0101rtius) [source]. However in some languages December has a completely different name: In Welsh December is Rhagfyr [\u02c8r\u0325a\u0261v\u0268\u031er], which means the &#8216;foreshortening&#8217;, from rhagfyrhau (to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92,97,99,104,107,109,127,10,15,39,56,77,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-cornish","category-czech","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish","category-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-polish","category-scottish-gaelic","category-welsh","category-words-and-phrases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14935\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}