{"id":14899,"date":"2017-12-08T12:26:35","date_gmt":"2017-12-08T11:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/blog\/?p=14899"},"modified":"2017-12-08T12:26:35","modified_gmt":"2017-12-08T11:26:35","slug":"comrades-and-companions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=14899","title":{"rendered":"Comrades and companions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The other day a Manx-speaking friend posted a photo on Instagram of a boat with the name <strong>Cumraig<\/strong>, with a note saying that it means comrade or companion:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned=\"\" data-instgrm-version=\"7\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:658px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\">\n<p style=\"padding:8px;\">\n<p style=\" background:#F8F8F8; line-height:0; margin-top:40px; padding:37.5% 0; text-align:center; width:100%;\">\n<p style=\" background:url(data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAAsCAMAAAApWqozAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC\/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAMUExURczMzPf399fX1+bm5mzY9AMAAADiSURBVDjLvZXbEsMgCES5\/P8\/t9FuRVCRmU73JWlzosgSIIZURCjo\/ad+EQJJB4Hv8BFt+IDpQoCx1wjOSBFhh2XssxEIYn3ulI\/6MNReE07UIWJEv8UEOWDS88LY97kqyTliJKKtuYBbruAyVh5wOHiXmpi5we58Ek028czwyuQdLKPG1Bkb4NnM+VeAnfHqn1k4+GPT6uGQcvu2h2OVuIf\/gWUFyy8OWEpdyZSa3aVCqpVoVvzZZ2VTnn2wU8qzVjDDetO90GSy9mVLqtgYSy231MxrY6I2gGqjrTY0L8fxCxfCBbhWrsYYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); display:block; height:44px; margin:0 auto -44px; position:relative; top:-22px; width:44px;\">\n<p style=\" margin:8px 0 0 0; padding:0 4px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BcXA0OilsAN\/\" style=\" color:#000; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none; word-wrap:break-word;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cumraig &#8211;  comrade \/ companion #Manx #Gaelic #gaelg #culture #identity #isleofman<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\">A post shared by Adrian Cain: Greinneyder (@greinneyder) on <time style=\" font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px;\" datetime=\"2017-12-06T11:44:57+00:00\">Dec 6, 2017 at 3:44am PST<\/time><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async=\"\" defer=\"\" src=\"\/\/platform.instagram.com\/en_US\/embeds.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>I wondered if <strong>Cumraig<\/strong> is related to the Welsh word <strong>Cymraeg<\/strong> (Welsh language), and whether the other Celtic languages have similar words.<\/p>\n<p>In Manx the word <strong>cumraag<\/strong> means companion, comrade, fellow, mate, pal, escort &#8211; <strong>Cumraig<\/strong> seems to be a variant form.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cumraag<\/strong> appears in phrases like:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; cumraag caggee = brother-in-arms<br \/>\n&#8211; cumraag marrey = shipmate<br \/>\n&#8211; cumraag scoill = schoolfellow<br \/>\n&#8211; cumraag shamyr = roommate<\/p>\n<p>In Welsh there are a number of words that are probably related to <strong>cumraag<\/strong>, although I cannot find confirmation of this:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>Cymraeg<\/strong> [k\u0259m\u02c8ra\u02d0\u0268\u032f\u0261] = Welsh; the Welsh language; of the Welsh language; Welsh-speaking<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>Cymreig<\/strong> [k\u0259m\u02c8rei\u032f\u0261] = Welsh; of Wales or the Welsh culture (but not of the Welsh language)<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>Cymro<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0259m.r\u0254] = Welsh person; Welshman<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>Cymraes<\/strong> [k\u0259m\u02c8ra\u02d0\u0268\u032fs ] = Welshwoman<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>Cymry<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0259m.r\u0268\u031e] = the Welsh (people); Welshmen<br \/>\n&#8211; <strong>Cymru<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0259m.r\u0268\u031e] = Wales<\/p>\n<p>These words come from the late Proto-Brythonic <em>*kumro\u0263<\/em> [k\u0275m\u02c8ro\u02d0\u0263] (compatriot), from <em>*kombrogos<\/em>, a compound of <em>*kom-<\/em> (with) &amp; <em>*brogos<\/em> (country).<\/p>\n<p><em>*kombrogos<\/em> is also the root of the Breton <em>ke\u00f1vroad \/ ke\u00f1vroiz<\/em> (compatriot), and of Cumbria, Cumberland, and Cambria, the Roman name for the region now known as Cymru \/ Wales.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"http:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Cymro#Welsh\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/humanities\/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases\/cumbrian-0\">Encyclopedia.com<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yddraig.com.au\/names-places-cymru-vs-cymry\/\">Y Ddraig<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The other day a Manx-speaking friend posted a photo on Instagram of a boat with the name Cumraig, with a note saying that it means comrade or companion: Cumraig &#8211; comrade \/ companion #Manx #Gaelic #gaelg #culture #identity #isleofman A post shared by Adrian Cain: Greinneyder (@greinneyder) on Dec 6, 2017 at 3:44am PST I [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104,107,10,23,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english","category-etymology","category-language","category-manx","category-words-and-phrases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14899\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}