The Manchu alphabet was commissioned in 1599 by the Manchu leader Nurhaci (1559-1626), the founder of the Manchu state. The letters are based on the Classical Mongolian alphabet while the phonetics are based on Jurchen, an earlier Manchu script. The alphabet was modified slightly in 1632.
In 1644 the Manchus conquered China and established the Ch'ing (Qing) dynasty, which lasted until 1911. For the first 200 years or so of the Ch'ing dynasty, Manchu was the main language of government in China and served as a lingua franca. By the mid 19th century many of the Manchus had adopted Chinese as their first language, however they continued to produce Manchu version of Chinese documents until the end of the dynasty and for sometime afterwards.
Manchu, a member of the Tungusic group of Altaic languages. There are currently about 9 million Manchus living in north-eastern China, of whom about 100 speak Manchu and only 20 can read and write it. Most speak only Mandarin.
In Xinjiang in the west of China there are about 27,000 people known as Sibe, Xibo or Sibo who speak a language closely related to Manchu, though they consider themselves a separte ethnic group. The Sibe were moved to the region in 1764 by the Ch'ing emperor Qianlong.
Following his advice, when the army was about to enter the town, he abandoned the town and fled. Akim Bek volunteered to handle the affairs, so he did the duty on behalf of the General. He had been to the capital city to present himself before the Emperor. His estate in the city and property in Kashgar, were used to provide the people living in Shikago, left in the capital city, or inherited by his son. He inherited the title of the Duke of Assisting the Nation, and was bestowed the hereditary title of Akim Bek. His son inherited the hereditary title of Akim Bek.
Source: http://www.chinahistoryforum.com
Online Manchu forum with lessons (in Chinese)
http://manchusky.qq.topzj.com
满文输入工具 (Manchu Script Creator)
- converts Romanized text to the Manchu script and lessons in how to write Manchu,
a dictionary and other material
http://www.anaku.cn/eng/
Manchu fonts
http://sourceforge.net/projects/manchufont/
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mang_Manchu_fonts
http://www.daicing.com/manchu/index.php?page=fonts-downloads
http://www.xenotypetech.com/osxManchu.html
Manchu in Unicode
http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Test/Manchu.html
Tungusic / Manchu-Tungus languages
Emurhergen,
Even,
Evenki,
Jurchen,
Manchu,
Nanai
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